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Siege Of Aachen (1248)
The siege of Aachen, which lasted from late April or early May until October 1248, was part of the German civil war that began with Pope Gregory IX's proclamation of a crusade against the Emperor Frederick II in 1240. The city of Aachen, which was the traditional coronation site of German kings, supported Frederick II and refused to allow his rival, Count William II of Holland, to enter the city to be crowned. William and his supports besieged the city, forcing it to allow him in, where he was crowned German king. The main primary sources for the siege are the '' Royal Chronicle of Cologne'', the '' Chronicle of the Monastery of Bloemhof'' and Matthew of Paris's ''History of the English''. Background The crusade launched in 1240 was the second against Frederick II, a declared enemy of the church. The first crusade, also called the War of the Keys, lasted from 1228 until 1230, when Frederick and the papacy were reconciled and he was re-admitted to communion. In 1239, he was excom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Germany
The Kingdom of Germany or German Kingdom ( la, regnum Teutonicorum "kingdom of the Germans", "German kingdom", "kingdom of Germany") was the mostly Germanic-speaking East Frankish kingdom, which was formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, especially after the kingship passed from Frankish kings to the Saxon Ottonian dynasty in 919. The king was elected, initially by the rulers of the stem duchies, who generally chose one of their own. After 962, when Otto I was crowned emperor, East Francia formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire, which also included the Kingdom of Italy and, after 1032, the Kingdom of Burgundy. Like medieval England and medieval France, medieval Germany consolidated from a conglomerate of smaller tribes, nations or polities by the High Middle Ages. The term ''rex teutonicorum'' (" king of the Germans") first came into use in Italy around the year 1000. It was popularized by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy (late 11th centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siegfried III (archbishop Of Mainz)
Siegfried III von Eppstein (died 9 March 1249) was Archbishop of Mainz from 1230 to 1249. He in 1244 granted freedom to the citizens of Mainz, who subsequently could run their affairs more independently though their own council; in law it remained an episcopal city. He acted as regent for Conrad IV of Germany, while Emperor Frederick II was campaigning in Italy, 1237 to 1242. He was, though, a supporter of Pope Innocent IV. He held a major synod in 1239. He added Lorsch Abbey Lorsch Abbey, otherwise the Imperial Abbey of Lorsch (german: Reichsabtei Lorsch; la, Laureshamense Monasterium or ''Laurissa''), is a former Imperial abbey in Lorsch, Germany, about east of Worms. It was one of the most renowned monasteries o ... to the archbishopric. Notes External links * * The city rights privilege for Mainz dated 1244 () 1249 deaths Archbishops of Mainz Burials at Mainz Cathedral Year of birth unknown {{Germany-RC-bishop-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto II, Count Of Guelders
Otto II, Count of Guelders (c. 1215 – 1 January 1271) was a nobleman from the 13th century. He was the son of Gerard III, Count of Guelders and Margaretha of Brabant. Life After Count William II (1227–1256) was slain in 1256 by Frisians his two-year-old son Floris V, Count of Holland inherited Holland. His uncle (Floris de Voogd regent from 1256 to 1258), and later his aunt ( Adelaide of Holland regent from 1258 to 1263) fought over custody of Holland with other nobles. At the battle of Reimerswaal on 22 January 1263, Count Otto II defeated Aleidis and was chosen regent by the nobles who opposed Aleidis.''Wi Florens--: de Hollandse graaf Floris V in de samenleving van de dertiende eeuw.'' De Boer, D.E.H., E.H.P. Cordfunke, H. Sarfatij, eds. Utrecht: Matrijs, 1996, pp. 24-29 Otto fought in the Stedinger Crusade in 1234. Otto II served as Floris V's guardian until he was twelve years old (1266) and considered capable of administering Holland himself. Family Otto II, Cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Enghien
John of Enghien (died 1281) was the 54th bishop of Tournai and the 69th bishop of Liège in the Low Countries. Life John of Enghien was born to a noble family in the County of Hainaut, son of Siger of Enghien and Alix of Sotteghem.Alphonse Le Roy, "Jean d'Enghien", ''Biographie Nationale de Belgique''vol. 10(Brussels, 1889), 340-344. He was appointed to a canonry of Tournai Cathedral, where he established a reputation as a theologian and in 1266 was elected bishop. He was enthroned as bishop on 8 January 1267. In 1274, when Henry of Guelders resigned as bishop of Liège, John was designated as his successor by Pope Gregory X during the Second Council of Lyon. His predecessor, Henry of Guelders, claimed he was still owed money by the cathedral chapter of Liège and John of Enghien agreed to a meeting with him in Hoegaarden. Henry had him seized and carried off, but during the abduction he was mortally wounded. He died of his wounds at Heylissem, near Tienen Tienen (; french: Tirle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Liège
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. Organizationally, several Christian denominations utilize ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the ministerial priesthood, given responsibility by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title ''legatus'') is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters. The legate is appointed directly by the pope—the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, a sovereign or to a large body of believers (such as a national church) or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars. The term ''legation'' is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is ''legatine''. History 200px, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, papal legate to England during the reign of Hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Capocci
Pietro Capocci (c.1200, in Rome – 19/21 May 1259, in Rome) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, nominated by Pope Innocent IV in the consistory of 28 May 1244, with the cardinal-diaconate of San Giorgio in Velabro. Life Pietro Capocci was born about 1200, in Rome, to Giacomo di Giovanni Capocci and his wife Vinia, a family related to Pope Honorius III, as well as the Colonna, the Orsini and the Cenci. In 1256, his parents donated a tabernacle to Santa Maria Maggiore. In 1222 he was appointed a canon at St. Peter's; he was also granted a prebendary at Guilden Morden in Cambridgeshire. In May 1244, he was created cardinal deacon of S Giorgio in Velabro, and subsequently donated land next to its tower. He was also a patron of Santa Prassede and San Martino ai Monti. Later in 1244, he accompanied Pope Innocent IV to Lyon. In 1249 he was named legate in four provinces of the Papal States: Marca Anconitana, Sabina, Campagna e Marittima and the duchy of Spoleto and led the papal forces aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaiserswerth
Kaiserswerth is one of the oldest quarters of the City of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. It is in the north of the city and next to the river Rhine. It houses the where Florence Nightingale worked. Kaiserswerth has an area of , and 7,923 inhabitants (2020). History About the year 700 the monk Saint Suitbert founded a Benedictine abbey at Werth, a river island that formed an important crossing point of the Rhine. The abbey was destroyed 88 years later. On that area there is now the "Erzbischöfliches Suitbertus- Gymnasium", an archiepiscopal secondary school with the old chapel and parts of the abbey. The former monastery garden is a meeting point for the upper school between lesson times. The Kaiserpfalz which is a general term for a temporary seat of the Holy Roman Emperor was built at an unknown date but before the year 1016. In 1062, the archbishop of Cologne, Anno II, kidnapped the underage German King Heinrich IV from here and in this way obtained the unofficial re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Brabant
The Duke of Brabant (, ) was the ruler of the Duchy of Brabant since 1183/1184. The title was created by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of Henry I of the House of Reginar, son of Godfrey III of Leuven (who was duke of Lower Lorraine at that time). The Duchy of Brabant was a feudal elevation of the existing (since 1085/1086) title of landgrave of Brabant. This was an Imperial fief which was assigned to Count Henry III of Leuven shortly after the death of the preceding count of Brabant, Herman II of Lotharingia (born 20 September 1085). Although the corresponding county was quite small (limited to the territory between the rivers Senne and Dender) its name was applied to the entire country under control of the dukes from the 13th century on. In 1190, after the death of Godfrey III, Henry I also became duke of Lotharingia. Formerly Lower Lotharingia, this title was now practically without territorial authority, but was borne by the later dukes of Brabant as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry II, Duke Of Brabant
Henry II of Brabant ( nl, Hendrik, french: Henri; 1207 – February 1, 1248) was Duke of Brabant and Lothier after the death of his father Henry I in 1235. His mother was Matilda of Boulogne. Henry II supported his sister Mathilde's son, William II of Holland, in the his bid for election as king of Germany. His first marriage was to Marie of Hohenstaufen (April 3, 1207–1235, Leuven), daughter of Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina. They had six children: # Henry III, Duke of Brabant (d. 1261) # Philip, died young # Matilda of Brabant (1224 – September 29, 1288), married: ## Robert I of Artois, 14 June 1237, in Compiègne ## before May 31, 1254 to Guy II of Châtillon, Count of Saint Pol. # Beatrix (1225 – November 11, 1288), married: ## at Creuzburg March 10, 1241, Heinrich Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia; ## in Leuven November 1247 to William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanders (1224 – June 6, 1251). # Maria of Brabant (c. 1226 – January 18, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Bremen And Hamburg
This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic diocese of Bremen (german: link=no, Bistum Bremen), supposedly a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Cologne, then of the bishops of Bremen, who were in personal union archbishops of Hamburg (simply titled Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen), later simply titled archbishops of Bremen, since 1180 simultaneously officiating as rulers of princely rank (prince-archbishop) in the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (german: link=no, Erzstift Bremen; est. 1180 and secularised in 1648), a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire. Bremen and Hamburg were the seats of the chapters at Bremen Cathedral and Hamburg Concathedral, while the incumbents used to reside in their castle in Vörde since 1219. Titles of the incumbents of the Bremian See Not all incumbents of the Bremian See were imperially invested princely power as Prince-Archbishops and not all were papally confirmed as bishops. In 1180 part of the Bremian diocesan terri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerhard II (archbishop Of Bremen And Hamburg)
Gerhard II of Lippe was an archbishop of Bremen & Hamburg. He was born at about 1190 as a son to Bernard II of the House of Lippe that ruled the lordship of Lippe in Westphalia. He was prince archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg from 1219 to his death on 28 August 1258. He fought some quarrels against the citizens of Bremen who gained for more autonomy of their city, with successes and defeats on both sides. He organized the crusade against the rural citizens of Stedingen. Under his rule, the first bridge across the Weser in Bremen was built, as an enterprise of the counts of Neubruchhausen. And he made a great relaunch of Bremen Cathedral, he began to build the couple of huge western towers and he displaced the flat ceilings of the naves by vaults. These works were started in pure romanesque style and finished in gothic style. See also *List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic diocese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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