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Shang-class Submarine
The Type 093 submarine (NATO reporting name: Shang class) is a class of nuclear-powered attack submarines constructed by the People's Republic of China for the People's Liberation Army Navy. Development GlobalSecurity.org reports that development of the Type 093 began in the early 1980s. However, Admiral Liu Huaqing wrote in his memoirs that development began in 1994 following President Jiang Zemin's continued support for nuclear submarine development after the launch of the final Type 091 in 1990. Erickson and Goldstein suggest that the Yinhe incident in 1993, and continued tensions with Taiwan, also drove Jiang Zemin's support of the program. Russian experts aided the design. The first Type 093 was laid down in 1994 and commissioned in 2006. The second was laid down in 2000 and commissioned in 2007. The first Type 093A was laid down in 2009 and was commissioned in 2015. Variants ;Type 093 Initial design. In the early 2000s, Chinese sources reported that the Type 093's noise le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohai Shipyard
Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (BSHIC), the former Bohai Shipyard, is a shipyard in China. It is a subsidiary of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), and is located at the Huludao Port, in southwestern Liaoning Province, China, on the northern coast of the Bohai Sea. The company was founded in 1954, and constructed vessels for the Chinese market, expanding in the 1990s to international markets after obtaining ISO 9000 certification. It was briefly part of the Liaoning Shipbuilding Group in the late 1990s before the formations of CSIC. Bohai Shipyard has produced both civilian and military vessels. It has been particularly instrumental in China's nuclear powered submarine program, constructing the Type 091 submarine, Type 091, the Type 092 submarine, Type 092, the Type 093 submarine, Type 093, and the Type 094 submarine, Type 094. This shipyard also build 4 large bulk carrier, part of Valemax, delivered to Berge Bulk between 2011 - 2013. In late 2016, Bohai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of only four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping. Jiang Zemin came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. At the time, Jiang had been the party leader of the city of Shanghai. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval War College Review
The ''Naval War College Review'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the United States Navy's Naval War College. It covers public policy matters of interest to the maritime services and was established in 1948. History During the administration of Admiral Raymond Spruance as president of the Naval War College (1946-1948), plans were initiated to establish a resident civilian faculty, composed of prominent academics who would be visiting faculty members for a full academic year. In a separate, but related initiative in 1948, the Chief of Naval Personnel, Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague, suggested to the commandants of the joint service colleges that each college should publish a lecture reprint series that could be distributed to officers, who for various reasons could not attend a war college course. In response to this suggestion and with further authorization from the Navy Department, Spruance initiated publication of a periodical. Initially entitled ''Info ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attack Submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets. Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel-electric ("conventionally") powered. In the United States Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel-electric predecessors are SSKs. In the US Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks". History Origins During World War II, submarines that fulfilled the offensive surface attack role were termed fleet submarines in the U.S. Nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Submarine Classes In Service
The list of submarine classes in service includes all submarine classes currently in service with navies or other armed forces worldwide. For surface combatants, see the list of naval ship classes in service. Ballistic missile submarines Cruise missile submarines Nuclear-powered attack submarines Non-nuclear attack submarines with air-independent propulsion (AIP) * ** Builder: ** Displacement: 1,725 tons ** Operators: *** : 3 in service * ** Builder: , ** Displacement: 1,800 tons ** Operators: : 2 building * (Dolphin-2; AIP-variant) ** Builder: ** Displacement: 1,900 tons ** Operator: : 3 AIP in-service/sea trials, 3 AIP ordered * ** Builder: , ** Displacement: 1,647 tons ** Operators: : 3 in service * ''Qing''-class submarine **Builder: ** Displacement: 6,628 tons ** Operator: : 1 in service * ** Builder: ** Displacement: 3,426 tons ** Operator: : 1 on sea trials; 3 more building * ** Builder: / ** Displacement: 1,590 tons ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force
The People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force (PLANSF) is the submarine service of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It consists of all types of submarines in operational service organized into three fleets: the North Sea Fleet, the East Sea Fleet, and the South Sea Fleet. Submarines have long been one of the three focuses of the People's Liberation Army Navy (the other two are aircraft and major surface combatants), and when the decision was made in late 2006 to concentrate on building other principal surface combatants to strengthen the air defense and to further delay the construction of aircraft carriers due to insufficient air cover, submarines will continue to play the lead dominant role in the assault force for the PLAN. Currently, PLANSF operates a fleet of 66 submarines which include nuclear as well as conventional submarines. Its surface branch counterpart is the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force. Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines The PLA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sea Fleet
The Northern Theater Command Navy (), or the North Sea Fleet (NSF; ) is one of the three fleets of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, under the Northern Theater Command. In September 1950 the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval base. Following the departure of the Soviet Navy from Lüshunkou (Port Arthur), the North Sea Fleet was established in 1960 with naval bases in Qingdao and Lüshunkou. It includes the Aircraft carrier Liaoning, as well as nuclear-powered attack and missile submarines based at Qingdao bastion. The North Sea Fleet was historically the most capable of the Navy's three fleets, being the first in China to operate destroyers, shore-based missiles and nuclear submarines. In recent years however, the shift in strengthening of importance and strategic capabilities of the East and South Sea Fleets are more prioritised. See also * People's Liberation Army Navy ** East Sea Fleet ** South Sea Fleet * Beiyang Fleet The Beiyang Fleet (Pei-y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project 671
The Victor class, Soviet designations Project 671 ''Yorsh'', Project 671RT ''Syomga'' and Project 671RTM/RTMK ''Shchuka'', (NATO reporting names Victor I, Victor II and Victor III, respectively), are series of nuclear-powered attack submarines built in the Soviet Union and operated by the Soviet Navy. Since the 1960s, 48 units were built in total, of which the last remaining are currently in service with the Russian Navy. The Victor-class submarines featured a teardrop shape, allowing them to travel at high speed. These vessels were primarily designed to protect Soviet surface fleets and to attack American ballistic missile submarines. Project 671 began in 1959 with the design task assigned to SKB-143 (one of the predecessors of the Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau). Versions Project 671 ''Yorsh'' (Victor I) Soviet designation Project 671 ''Yorsh'' (ruffe)—was the initial type that entered service in 1967; 16 were produced. Each had six torpedo tubes for launching Type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decibel
The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B). It expresses the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a power ratio of 101/10 (approximately ) or root-power ratio of 10 (approximately ). The unit expresses a relative change or an absolute value. In the latter case, the numeric value expresses the ratio of a value to a fixed reference value; when used in this way, the unit symbol is often suffixed with letter codes that indicate the reference value. For example, for the reference value of 1 volt, a common suffix is " V" (e.g., "20 dBV"). Two principal types of scaling of the decibel are in common use. When expressing a power ratio, it is defined as ten times the logarithm in base 10. That is, a change in ''power'' by a factor of 10 corresponds to a 10 dB change in level. When expressing root-power quantities, a change in ''ampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project 971
The ''Akula'' class, Soviet designation Project 971 ''Shchuka-B'' (russian: Щука-Б, , Pike-B, NATO reporting name ''Akula'') are a series of fourth generation nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) first deployed by the Soviet Navy in 1986. There are four sub-classes or flights of Shchuka-B, consisting of the original seven Project 971 boats (codenamed ''Akula I''), commissioned between 1984 and 1990; six Project 971Is (Improved ''Akula''s), commissioned between 1991 and 2009; one Project 971U (''Akula II''), commissioned in 1995; and one Project 971M (''Akula III''), commissioned in 2001. The Russians call all of the submarines ''Shchuka-B'', regardless of modifications. Some confusion may exist as the name ''Akula'' (russian: Акула, meaning "shark" in Russian) was used by the Soviets for a different class of submarines, the Project 941, which is known in the West as the . The Project 971 was named ''Shchuka-B'' by the Soviets but given the designation ''Akula'' by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles-class Submarine
The ''Los Angeles'' class of submarines are Nuclear marine propulsion, nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (hull classification symbol, SSN) in service with the United States Navy. Also known as the 688 class (pronounced "six-eighty-eight") after the hull number of lead vessel , 62 were built from 1972 to 1996, the latter 23 to an improved 688i standard. As of 2022, 26 of the ''Los Angeles'' class remain Ship commissioning, in commission — more than any other class in the world — and they account for more than half of the U.S. Navy's 50 fast attack submarines. Of the 34 retired boats, a few were in commission for nearly 40 years, including , and . With a wide variance in longevity, 12 of the 688s were laid up halfway through their projected lifespans, being the youngest-retired at 15 years, 11 months. Another five also laid up early (20–25 years), due to their Refueling and overhaul, midlife reactor refueling being cancelled, and USS Miami (SSN-755)#2012 fire, one was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinhe Incident
The ''Yinhe'' incident () occurred after a claim was made in 1993 by the United States government that the China-based container ship ''Yinhe'' () was carrying chemical weapon materials to Iran. The United States Navy forced the surrounding Middle Eastern countries to refuse docking rights to the ''Yinhe'', leaving it in the international waters of the Indian Ocean for twenty-four days. Cutting off their usage of the GPS so that the ship was stranded. Despite eventually concluding that the cargo ship did not contain any precursors of chemical weapons, the U.S. government refused to apologize, stating that "the United States had acted in good faith on intelligence." American officials within the Clinton administration later accused China of deliberately spreading false intelligence in order to cause the incident, without showing any evidence, referring to it as a "sting". It was later changed to claim that during this period, the ''Yinhe'' may have unloaded or dumped its cargo into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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