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Sex Differences In Cognition
Sex differences in cognition are widely studied in the current scientific literature. Biological and genetic differences in combination with environment and culture have resulted in the cognition, cognitive differences among males and females. Among biological factors, hormones such as testosterone and estrogen may play some role mediating these differences. Among differences of diverse mental and cognitive abilities, the largest or most well known are those relating to spatial abilities, social cognition and verbal skills and abilities. Cognitive abilities Cognitive abilities are mental abilities that a person uses in everyday life, as well as specific demand tasks. The most basic of these abilities are memory, executive function, cognitive processing speed, processing speed and perception, which combine to form a larger perceptual umbrella relating to different social, Affect (psychology), affective, verbal and spatial information. Memory, which is one of the primary core of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognition
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, imagination, intelligence, the formation of knowledge, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and computation, problem-solving and decision-making, comprehension and production of language. Cognitive processes use existing knowledge to discover new knowledge. Cognitive processes are analyzed from very different perspectives within different contexts, notably in the fields of linguistics, musicology, anesthesia, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, education, philosophy, anthropology, biology, systemics, logic, and computer science. These and other approaches to the analysis of cognition (such as embodied cognition) are synthesized in the developing field of cognitive science, a progressively autonomou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empathy
Empathy is generally described as the ability to take on another person's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience. There are more (sometimes conflicting) definitions of empathy that include but are not limited to social, cognitive, and emotional processes primarily concerned with understanding others. Often times, empathy is considered to be a broad term, and broken down into more specific concepts and types that include cognitive empathy, emotional (or affective) empathy, wiktionary:somatic#Etymology, somatic empathy, and spiritual empathy. Empathy is still a topic of research. The major areas of research include the development of empathy, the genetics and neuroscience of empathy, cross-species empathy, and the impairment of empathy. Some researchers have made efforts to quantify empathy through different methods, such as from questionnaires where participants can fill out and then be scored on their answers. The ability to imagin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intelligence (journal)
''Intelligence'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of psychology that covers research on intelligence and psychometrics. It is published by Elsevier and is the official journal of the International Society for Intelligence Research. The journal was established in 1977 by Douglas K. Detterman (Case Western Reserve University). The editors-in-chief are Dragos Iliescu and Samuel Greiff. According to the ''New Statesman'' in 2018, the "journal ''Intelligence'' is one of the most respected in its field" but has allowed its reputation "to be used to launder or legitimate racist pseudo-science". ''Smithsonian (magazine), Smithsonian Magazine'' called it "a more respected psychology journal", but stated that it has "occasionally included papers with pseudoscientific findings about intelligence differences between races". It has been criticized for having included on its editorial board biochemist Gerhard Meisenberg and psychologist Richard Lynn, both known as promoters of eugen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychophysiology (journal)
''Psychophysiology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. The editor-in-chief is Monica Fabiani (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 4.016. References External links * Wiley-Blackwell academic journals English-language journals Academic journals established in 1964 Psychology journals Monthly journals Physiology journals {{psych-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Medical Journal
The ''Chinese Medical Journal'' is an official publication of the Chinese Medical Association, co-published by Chinese Medical Association Publishing House and Wolters Kluwer Medknow. The journal publishes peer-reviewed English-language articles, covering technical and clinical studies related to health, as well as ethical and social issues in medical research. History The China Medical Missionary Association was established in Shanghai in 1887. It started publishing ''The China Medical Missionary Journal'' the following year. The association was renamed later as the Chinese Medical Association and in 1932 merged into the National Medical Association of China. The ''China Medical Missionary Journal'' then merged into the English part of the ''National Medical Journal of China'' to become the ''Chinese Medical Journal''. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', in 2011, the journal had an impact factor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Vision
''Journal of Vision'' is an open access online scientific journal specializing in the neuroscience and psychology of the visual system. It publishes primary research from any discipline within the visual sciences. Submissions go through pre-publication peer review and are indexed in PubMed PubMed is an openly accessible, free database which includes primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institute .... External links * Vision Perception journals Neuroscience journals Academic journals established in 2001 Academic journals published by learned and professional societies of the United States Continuous journals Open access journals {{neuroscience-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Current Directions In Psychological Science
''Current Directions in Psychological Science '' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal from the Association for Psychological Science (APS) that is published by SAGE Publications. Publication Scope ''Current Directions in Psychological Science'' publishes concise reviews by leading experts spanning all of scientific psychology and its applications. The reviews published in this journal cover diverse topics such as language, memory and cognition, development, the neural basis of behavior and emotions, various aspects of psychopathology, and theory of mind. These articles allow readers to stay apprised of important developments across subfields beyond their areas of expertise and bodies of research they might not otherwise be aware of. The articles in ''Current Directions'' are also written to be accessible to non-experts, making them suitable for use in the classroom as teaching supplements. The current editor of the journal is Robert Goldstone at Indiana University Blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropsychology (journal)
''Neuropsychology'' (journal) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1987 and covers neuropsychology. It is published by the American Psychological Association. The journal has implemented the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines. The TOP Guidelines provide structure to research planning and reporting and aim to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible. The current editor-in-chief is Gregory G. Brown (UC San Diego School of Medicine). The journal publishes original, empirical research on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 3.295. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-back
The n-back task is a continuous performance task that is commonly used as an assessment in psychology and cognitive neuroscience to measure a part of working memory and working memory capacity.Gazzaniga, Michael S.; Ivry, Richard B.; Mangun, George R. (2009). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind (2nd ed.). The n-back was introduced by Wayne Kirchner in 1958. N-Back games are purported to be a training method to improve working memory and working memory capacity and also increase fluid intelligence. While some scientific studies have shown such a connection, others have not. The task The subject is presented with a sequence of stimuli, and the task consists of indicating when the current stimulus matches the one from ''n'' steps earlier in the sequence. The load factor ''n'' can be adjusted to make the task more or less difficult. To clarify, the visual n-back test is similar to the classic memory game of Concentration. However, instead of different items that are i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neural Efficiency Hypothesis
The neural efficiency hypothesis proposes that while performing a cognitive task, individuals with higher intelligence levels exhibit lower brain activation in comparison to individuals with lower intelligence levels. This hypothesis suggests that individual differences in cognitive abilities are due to differences in the efficiency of neural processing. Essentially, individuals with higher cognitive abilities utilize fewer neural resources to perform a given task than those with lower cognitive abilities. History Since the late 19th century, there has been a growing interest among psychologists to understand the influence of individual differences in intelligence and the underlying neural mechanisms of intelligence. The Neural efficiency hypothesis was first introduced by Haier et al. in 1988 through a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study aimed at investigating the relationship between intelligence and brain activation. PET is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefrontal Cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) covers the front part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex. It is the association cortex in the frontal lobe. The PFC contains the Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA11, BA12, BA13, BA14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44, BA45, BA46, and BA47. This brain region is involved in a wide range of higher-order cognitive functions, including speech formation (Broca's area), gaze ( frontal eye fields), working memory ( dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and risk processing (e.g. ventromedial prefrontal cortex). The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's will to live, personality, and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in executive functions, such as planning, decision making, working memory, personality expression, moderating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Brain Mapping (journal)
''Human Brain Mapping'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons covering research on human brain mapping. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2014 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 5.969, ranking it second out of 14 journals in the category "Neuroimaging", fifth out of 125 journals in the category "Radiology Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging", and 27th out of 252 journals in the category "Neuroscience". References External links * {{Official website, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0193 Neuroimaging journals Monthly journals Wiley (publisher) academic journals Academic journals established in 1993 English-language journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
