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Serra Do Ramalho
The caves of the Serro da Ramalho karst area in the municipality of Serra do Ramalho, a municipality of the same name in southwestern Bahia State, Brazil, have been explored since the early 2000s. The several large cave systems present a great biospeleological potential. Newly discovered species include the first troglobitic Amblypygi recorded for Brazil, '' Charinus troglobius'' Baptista & Giupponi, 2003, an eyeless harvestman (''Giupponia chagasi'' Pérez & Kury, 2002), an as yet undescribed genus of spiders (Ochyroceratidae), and a species of catfish (''Rhamdia enfurnada'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2005).Bichuette & Trajano 2005: 588 Footnotes References * (2005): A new cave species of ''Rhamdia'' (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Serra do Ramalho, northeastern Brazil, with notes on ecology and behavior. ''Neotropical Ichthyology'' 3(4): 587–595PDF* (2003): A new troglomorphic ''Charinus ''Charinus'' is a genus of amblypygids of the family Charinidae Charinidae is an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, that extend a relatively short distance into the rock and they are called ''exogene'' caves. Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called ''endogene'' caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorgani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ochyroceratidae
Ochyroceratidae is a six-eyed spider family, with 165 described species in ten genera. They are common inhabitants of caves and the tropical forest litter of South Africa, the Caribbean, Asia and South America. Considered an ecological counterpart of the Linyphiidae of the northern temperate zone, species are especially diverse in the Indo-Pacific region. These spiders build small, irregular sheet-webs in dark, damp places and typically carry eggs in their chelicerae until they hatch. Body length can range from , and some species with very long legs (''Althepus'', ''Leclercera'') are superficially similar to members of Pholcidae. Differences between males and females are still relatively unknown, but at least one species in the genus ''Theotima'' (''T. minutissima'') was shown to be parthenogenetic. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Dundocera'' Machado, 1951 — Angola *'' Euso'' Saaristo, 2001 — Seychelles *'' Fageicera'' Dumitrescu & George ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charinus
''Charinus'' is a genus of amblypygids of the family Charinidae. Species , there are 107 species in this genus. * '' Charinus abbatei'' Delle Cave, 1986 * '' Charinus acaraje'' Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 * '' Charinus acosta'' (Quintero, 1983) * '' Charinus africanus'' Hansen, 1921 * '' Charinus aguayoi'' Moyá-Guzmán, 2009 * '' Charinus alagoanus'' Miranda, Giupponi, Prendini & Scharff, 2021 * '' Charinus apiaca'' Miranda, Giupponi, Prendini & Scharff, 2021 * '' Charinus asturius'' Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 * '' Charinus australianus'' (L. Koch, 1867) * '' Charinus belizensis'' Miranda, Giupponi & Wizen, 2016 * '' Charinus bengalensis'' ( Gravely, 1911) * '' Charinus bichuetteae'' Giupponi & Miranda, 2016 * ''Charinus bonaldoi'' Giupponi & Miranda, 2016 * '' Charinus bordoni'' (Ravelo, 1975) * '' Charinus brasilianus'' Weygoldt, 1972 * '' Charinus brescoviti'' Giupponi & Miranda, 2016 * ''Charinus bromeliaea'' Joque & Giupponi, 2012 * ''Charinus bru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heptapteridae
The Heptapteridae, or three-barbeled catfishes, are a family of catfish that originate from the Americas. Most species are restricted to South America, but '' Imparfinis lineatus'', '' Nemuroglanis panamensis'' and '' Pimelodella chagresi'' are native to Panama, and ''Rhamdia'' species occur as far north as Mexico. The name Heptapteridae is derived from Greek, ''hepta'' meaning seven and ''pteron'' meaning fin. The diversity of this family is poorly known, and many species are yet to be described. So far, some 211 species have been described. This family is equivalent to the previously recognized Rhamdiinae, a subfamily of the family Pimelodidae. However, molecular evidence shows this family is a part of the superfamily Pimelodoidea along with the Pimelodidae, Pseudopimelodidae, and '' Conorhynchos''. The skin of these fish is usually naked (scaleless). They exhibit three pairs of barbels. They have a large adipose fin, and their caudal fin is deeply forked. However, no extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siluriformes
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbel (anatomy), barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia, and the Brachyplatystoma filamentosum, piraíba of South America, to detritivores (species that eat dead material on the bottom), and even to a tiny parasite, parasitic species commonly called the Candiru (fish), candiru, ''Vandellia cirrhosa''. Neither the armour-plated types nor the naked types have scales. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers". Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are Aquaculture of catfish, farmed or fished for food. Many of the smaller species, partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhamdia
''Rhamdia'' is a genus of three-barbeled catfishes found in Mexico, Central and South America. These catfishes are nocturnal, opportunistic carnivores, found in a wide range of freshwater habitats. This genus includes a number of troglobitic members, encompassing a number of taxa, including ''R. enfurnada'', ''R. guasarensis'', ''R. laluchensis'', ''R. laticauda'', ''R. macuspanensis'', ''R. quelen'', ''R. reddelli'' and ''R. zongolicensis''.Bockmann; and Castro (2010). The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 8(4). In a few of these only some of their populations are troglobitic. Species There are currently 26 recognized species in this genus: * '' Rhamdia argentina'' ( Humboldt, 1821) * '' Rhamdia branneri'' Haseman, 1911 Garavello, J.C. & Shibatta, O.A. (2016): Reappraisal of ''Rhamdia branneri'' Haseman, 1911 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhamdia Enfurnada
''Rhamdia'' is a genus of three-barbeled catfishes found in Mexico, Central and South America. These catfishes are nocturnal, opportunistic carnivores, found in a wide range of freshwater habitats. This genus includes a number of troglobitic members, encompassing a number of taxa, including ''R. enfurnada'', ''R. guasarensis'', ''R. laluchensis'', ''R. laticauda'', ''R. macuspanensis'', ''R. quelen'', ''R. reddelli'' and ''R. zongolicensis''.Bockmann; and Castro (2010). The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 8(4). In a few of these only some of their populations are troglobitic. Species There are currently 26 recognized species in this genus: * '' Rhamdia argentina'' ( Humboldt, 1821) * '' Rhamdia branneri'' Haseman, 1911 Garavello, J.C. & Shibatta, O.A. (2016): Reappraisal of ''Rhamdia branneri'' Haseman, 1911 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catfish
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia, and the piraíba of South America, to detritivores (species that eat dead material on the bottom), and even to a tiny parasitic species commonly called the candiru, ''Vandellia cirrhosa''. Neither the armour-plated types nor the naked types have scales. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers". Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed or fished for food. Many of the smaller species, particularly the genus ''Corydoras'', are important in the aquarium hobby. Many catfish are nocturnal, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giupponia Chagasi
''Giupponia'' is a monotypic genus of the harvestman family Gonyleptidae. The only described species, ''G. chagasi'', was found in two limestone caves in Serra do Ramalho, Bahia State, Brazil. The long-legged species features several adaptations to cave life, such as complete eyelessness and lack of pigmentation. Name The genus and species are named after arachnologist Arachnology is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of ... Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi and myriapodologist Amazonas Chagas Júnior, respectively. References * Harvestmen Monotypic arthropod genera Arachnids of South America Cave arachnids {{Opiliones-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology The English word ''karst'' was borrowed from German in the late 19th century, which entered German much earlier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvestman
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Althou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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