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Second Battle Of Oituz
The Second Battle of Oituz was fought between 10 November and 16 November 1916. The Romanian forces, led by Brigadier-General Eremia Grigorescu, faced off against an Austro-Hungarian and German force led by Friedrich von Gerok. The battle resulted in the failure of the attempt by the Central Powers to force the Carpathian Mountains and enter the Siret valley in order to cut the Romanian forces in two. Background The First Battle of Oituz was part of the defense of the passes of the Carpathian Mountains by the Romanian Army. It lasted from late September to the beginning of October, and had three main objectives: stopping the offensive on the Transylvanian front, consolidating a defensive position in the Carpathians and allowing for an eventual resumption of the offensive by the Romanian forces. Austro-Hungarian and German forces, under the command of Archduke Charles I of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, consisted of three armies: the 7th Austro-Hungarian Army i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Seventh Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Seventh Army was formed in May 1915 and deployed on the Russian Front. It remained active there until it was disbanded in April 1918. It participated in the * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May-June 1915), * Great Retreat (June-September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June-September 1916) * Kerensky Offensive (July 1917) * Operation Faustschlag (February-March 1918) Commanders * Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin : 8 May 1915 – 8 September 1916 * Karl Graf von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach : 8 September 1916 – 20 October 1916 * Hermann Kövess von Kövesshaza : 20 October 1916 – 16 January 1918 * Karl Kritek Karl may refer to: People * Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne * Karl Marx, German philosopher and political writer * Karl of Austria, last Austria ... : 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Reserve
A military reserve, active reserve, reserve formation, or simply reserve, is a group of military personnel or units that is initially not committed to a battle by its commander, so that it remains available to address unforeseen situations or exploit sudden opportunities. Such a force may be held back to defend against attack from other enemy forces, to be committed to the existing battle if the enemy exposes a vulnerability, or to serve as relief for troops already fighting. Some of the different categories of military reserves are: tactical reserve, operational reserve, and strategic reserve. A military reserve is different from a military reserve force, which is a military organization composed of military personnel who maintain their military skills and readiness in a long-term part-time commitment to support their country if needed. Military reserve refers to specific trained pre-organized forces operating on an on-call basis from the main military force. Each member acts in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Army (Romania)
The Second Army was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces, created on 18 August 1916. History World War I The Second Army was part of the Romanian offensive in Transylvania during the autumn of 1916. Following the failure of the offensive and due to the Central Powers counterattack, which led to the occupation of most of the country's territory, the Second Army, along with the remnants of other Romanian military units, were forced to retreat into the region of Moldavia, the only Romanian territory unoccupied by enemy forces. The Second Army, among other units, underwent a process of reorganization and modernization in the winter of 1916 - 1917 as part of French General Henri Berthelot's mission to revitalize the exhausted and decimated Romanian military. The Central Powers advance towards Moldavia was hampered by bad weather and poor infrastructure and as a result hostilities were only resumed in the summer of 1917. A plan to break through the lines of Field Marshal Aug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Army (Romania)
The First Army was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces, active from 1916 to 2000. World War I The First Army took part in the Romanian Campaign of World War I. Its commanders during that time were : * Divisional General Ioan Culcer: 15 August 1916 – 11 October 1916 * Brigadier General Ioan Dragalina: 11 October 1916 – 12 October 1916 * Brigadier General Nicolae Petala: 13 October 1916 – 21 October 1916 * Brigadier General Paraschiv Vasilescu: 21 October 1916 – 12 November 1916 * Brigadier General Dumitru Stratilescu: 13 November 1916 – 19 December 1916 * Divisional General Constantin Christescu: 11 June 1917 – 30 July 1917 * Divisional General Eremia Grigorescu: 30 July 1917 – 1 July 1918 World War II During Operation München, when Romania entered World War II on the side of the Axis in June–July 1941, the First Army was in the interior of Romania while the Third and Fourth Armies formed the main Romanian assault force. The First Army comprise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig Friedrich August von Mackensen (born Mackensen; 6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), ennobled as "von Mackensen" in 1899, was a German field marshal. He commanded successfully during World War I of 1914–1918 and became one of the German Empire's most prominent and competent military leaders. After the armistice of November 1918 the victorious Allies interned Mackensen in Serbia for a year. He retired from the army in 1920; in 1933 Hermann Göring made him a Prussian state councillor. During the Nazi era (1933–1945), Mackensen remained a committed monarchist and sometimes appeared at official functions in his First World War uniform. Senior NSDAP members suspected him of disloyalty to the Third Reich, but nothing was proven against him. Early life Mackensen was born in Haus Leipnitz, near the village of Dahlenberg (today part of Trossin) in the Prussian Province of Saxony, to Ludwig and Marie Louise Mackensen. His father, an administrator of agricultural ente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muntenia
Muntenia (, also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as ''Muntenia'', ''Țara Românească'', and the seldom used ''Valahia'' are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or ''Lesser Wallachia''). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret. Geography Muntenia includes București - Ilfov, Sud - Muntenia, and part of the Sud-Est development regions. It consists of ten counties entirely: * Brăila * Buzău * Călărași * Argeș * Dâmbovița * Giurgiu * Ialomița * Ilfov * Prahova And parts of four others: * Teleorman (the entire county with the exception of Islaz) * Vrancea (southern part) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oituz (river)
The Oituz ( hu, Ojtoz) is a right tributary of the river Trotuș in Romania. It discharges into the Trotuș in Onești. e-calauza.ro The following towns and villages are situated along the river Oituz, from source to mouth: Brețcu, Oituz (CV), Poiana Sărată, Oituz, Oituz (BC), Bogdănești, Bacău, Bogdănești and Onești. Its length is and its basin size is . References Rivers of Romania Rivers of Bacău County Rivers of Covasna County {{Bacău-river-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trotuș
The Trotuș ( hu, Tatros) is a river in eastern Romania, a right tributary of the river Siret (river), Siret. It emerges from the Ciuc Mountains in the Eastern Carpathians and joins the Siret in Domnești-Sat near Adjud after passing through Comănești and Onești in Bacău County. The total length of the Trotuș from its source to its confluence with the Siret is .Planul de management al spațiului hidrografic Siret Administrația Națională Apele Române, page 17 Its drainage basin, basin area is . [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erich Von Falkenhayn
General Erich Georg Sebastian Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the second Chief of the German General Staff of the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916. He was removed on 29 August 1916 after the failure at the Battle of Verdun, the opening of the Battle of the Somme, the Brusilov Offensive and the entry of Romania into the war on the Allied side undid his strategy to end the war before 1917. He was later given important field commands in Romania and Syria. His reputation as a war leader was attacked in Germany during and after the war, especially by the faction supporting Paul von Hindenburg. Falkenhayn held that Germany could not win the war by a decisive battle but would have to reach a compromise peace; his enemies said he lacked the resolve necessary to win a decisive victory. Falkenhayn's relations with the Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg were troubled and undercut Falkenhayn's plans. Early life Falkenhayn was b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Army (German Empire)
The 9th Army (german: 9. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 9 / A.O.K. 9) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in September 1914 in Breslau to command troops on the southern sector of the Eastern Front. The army was dissolved on 30 July 1916, but reformed in Transylvania on 6 September 1916 for the Romanian Campaign. It was transferred to the Western Front on 19 June 1918 where it was finally dissolved on 18 September 1918. History First formation The 9th Army Headquarters was established in Breslau on 19 September 1914 and commanded units drawn from the 8th Army, the Western Front and other units in Upper Silesia. It was originally placed on the southern sector of the Eastern Front on the left flank of the 1st Austro-Hungarian Army. Second formation 9th Army was reformed for the Romanian Campaign in September 1916. Along with the 1st Austro-Hungarian Army (1st A-H Army) it formed the Siebenburg Sector and had the following units ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olt (river)
The Olt (Romanian and Hungarian; german: Alt; la, Aluta or ', tr, Oltu, grc, Ἄλυτος ''Alytos'') is a river in Romania. It is long, and its basin area is . It is the longest river flowing exclusively through Romania. Its average discharge at the mouth is . Its source is in the Hășmaș Mountains of the eastern Carpathian Mountains, near Bălan, rising close to the headwaters of the river Mureș. It flows through the Romanian counties Harghita, Covasna, Brașov, Sibiu, Vâlcea and Olt. The river was known as ''Alutus'' or ''Aluta'' in Roman antiquity. Olt County and the historical province of Oltenia are named after the river. Sfântu Gheorghe, Râmnicu Vâlcea and Slatina are the main cities on the river Olt. The Olt flows into the Danube river near Turnu Măgurele. Settlements The main cities along the river Olt are Miercurea Ciuc, Sfântu Gheorghe, Făgăraș, Râmnicu Vâlcea and Slatina. The Olt passes through the following communes, from source to mouth: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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