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Second 'Ndrangheta War
The Second 'Ndrangheta war was an internal struggle in the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal organisation in Calabria (southern Italy). The conflict raged from 1985–1991 in Reggio Calabria. Practically all the 'ndrine in Reggio Calabria grouped into either one of two opposing factions: the Condello, Imerti, Serraino and Rosmini clans on one side, and the De Stefano, Tegano, Libri and Latella clans on the other. Background The background of the war was a struggle over public contracts in relation with the announced construction of a bridge linking Calabria and Sicily over the Strait of Messina between Reggio Calabria and Messina. An additional motive was the attempt of the De Stefano clan to encroach on the territory of the Imertis in Villa San Giovanni, a town facing the city of Messina across the narrow strait. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 65-68 Start of the conflict The feud was triggered by the marriage between Giuseppina Condello – the sister of the Condel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Tegano
Giovanni Tegano (; 8 November 1939 – 7 July 2021) was an Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta, the Calabrian mafia. He was a fugitive since 1993 and was included in the list of most wanted fugitives in Italy, until his arrest in April 2010. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for murder, arms trafficking, and mafia association. He was considered to be the boss of the De Stefano-Tegano 'ndrina. The clan hails from the Archi neighbourhood in the city of Reggio Calabria, and also includes his brothers Pasquale and Giuseppe. At the time of his arrest in April 2010, Tegano was regarded as one of the few remaining bosses of the 'Ndrangheta's old guard. Second 'Ndrangheta war The Tegano clan sided with the De Stefano clan in the Second 'Ndrangheta war, which raged from 1985 to 1991. The alliance was sealed by the marriage between Orazio De Stefano and Antonietta Benestare, a niece of Giovanni Tegano on 2 December 1985.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', p. 89 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicily
Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1.2 million in and around the capital city of Palermo, it is both the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea. Sicily is named after the Sicels, who inhabited the eastern part of the island during the Iron Age. Sicily has a rich and unique culture in #Art and architecture, arts, Music of Sicily, music, #Literature, literature, Sicilian cuisine, cuisine, and Sicilian Baroque, architecture. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and one of the most active in the world, currently high. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. It is separated from Calabria by the Strait of Messina. It is one of the five Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domenico Alvaro
Domenico Alvaro (December 5, 1924, in Sinopoli − July 25, 2010, in Sinopoli), also known as 'don Micu o Giannuzzu', was an Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organisation in Calabria, a region in Southern Italy. He became the head of the locale of Sinopoli and Cosoleto, after the arrest of Carmine Alvaro on July 18, 2005, who had succeeded the historical boss of the clan, Cosimo Alvaro (1920–2000). He was a mediator for the ' pax mafiosa' of the Second 'Ndrangheta war – in which more than 600 people were killed – brokering a deal between the main adversaries Pasquale Condello and Giorgio De Stefano. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 65-68Sentenza procedimento penale Olimpia , Tribunale di Reggio Calabria, January 19, 1999 He became a member of '' |
Pax Mafiosa
The ''Pax Mafiosa'' (Latin for “ Mafioso Peace”) is a term describing a state of relative non-violence in the territories of organized crime groups caused by agreements not to interfere in criminal activities. Description The "peace" has been described as a state of relative non-violence. This is generated from an agreement between different competing organized crime groups to not compete in criminal activity and territory, leading to a stable peace. Governmental authorities may also agree to this peace for their citizens, by non-interference in drug trafficking and other criminal activities. Conversely, organized crime groups benefit from reduced competition and risk, and non-harassment of their members and families. There are allegations that notional capture and escapes of organized crime bosses might be ploys to maintain the peace. It has been felt that an increase in violence after a period of peace is due to a change in the status quo, for example, an increase in competi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Mammoliti
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language–speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male baby names in the United States since the late 19th century and has been among the top 200 since the mid 20th century. In the English language, it is translated as Anthony, and has some female derivatives: Antonia, Antónia, Antonieta, Antonietta, and Antonella'. It also has some male derivatives, such as Anthonio, Antón, Antò, Antonis, Antoñito, Antonino, Antonello, Tonio, Tono, Toño, Toñín, Tonino, Nantonio, Ninni, Totò, Tó, Tonini, Tony, Toni, Toninho, Toñito, and Tõnis. The Portuguese equivalent is António (Portuguese orthography) or Antônio (Brazilian Portuguese). In old Portuguese the form Antão was also used, not just to differentiate between older and younger but also between more and less important. In Gali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locale ('Ndrangheta)
A locale, translated as "local" or "place", is the main local organizational unit of the 'Ndrangheta with jurisdiction over criminal activities in an entire town or an area in a large urban center.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods''pp. 29-30/ref>Nicaso & Danesi, ''Made Men''p. 23/ref> A ''locale'' is usually made up by one '' 'ndrina'', in the case of a small town, or several '' 'ndrine'', if more than one '' 'ndrina'' operates in the same town. In the case of larger cities a local may rule over a certain area or neighbourhood of the city. In some contexts a '' 'ndrina'' is more powerful than the ''locale'' on which they formally depend. Each ''locale'' has a boss with authority over members' life and death, a ''capo locale'', usually the capobastone of a 'ndrina. It has at least 49 members. Besides the ''capo locale'', there is the ''contabile '' (accountant) who handles the finances - commonly called ''la bacinella'' or ''la valigetta'' (briefcase). A ''crimine'' oversees the illegal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Luca
San Luca is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in Italy, located about southwest of Catanzaro and about east of Reggio Calabria. The town is situated on the eastern slopes of the Aspromonte mountains and in the valley of the Bonamico river. The village has long been known as a stronghold of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organisation based in Calabria, with an ongoing clan based power struggle dubbed the San Luca feud. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Polsi is located from San Luca. It has long been the 'Ndrangheta's meeting place. History San Luca was founded on October 18, 1592, by Prince Sigismund Loffredo and named after Saint Luke the Evangelist, who became the patron saint of the town. It was populated by refugees from the old town of Potamia, which was destroyed by landslides.Storia , Fondazione Cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Nirta
Antonio Nirta (22 April 1919 – 1 September 2015) was a boss of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organization, in the Italian region of Calabria. Together with his brothers Giuseppe, Francesco, and Sebastiano, he ruled San Luca, a stronghold of the 'Ndrangheta. Early criminal career In 1935, at the age of 16, Nirta was already charged for coercion with the use of arms. In 1953, authorities considered him a danger for public order. By 1967, he was charged with criminal association, extortion, and attempted murder.L’operaio forestale diventato miliardario Giornale di Calabria, October 2, 2004 In October 1969, Nirta participated in the infamous Montalto meetin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domenico Condello
Domenico Condello (; 4 November 1956), also known as ''Micu 'u pacciu'' ("Micu the madman"), is an Italian criminal belonging to the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organisation in Calabria. Criminal history Born in the Archi neighbourhood of Reggio Calabria, he was a fugitive from 1993, wanted for criminal association, murder and drugs and arms trafficking, for which he has been convicted to a life sentence. He was arrested on 10 October 2012.'Leading' 'Ndrangheta fugitive caught , Gazzetta del Sud, 11 October 2012 Before his arrest, he was on the list of most wanted fugitives in Italy
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Car Bomb
A car bomb, bus bomb, van bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device designed to be detonated in an automobile or other vehicles. Car bombs can be roughly divided into two main categories: those used primarily to kill the occupants of the vehicle (often as an assassination) and those used as a means to kill, injure or damage people and buildings outside the vehicle. The latter type may be parked (the vehicle disguising the bomb and allowing the bomber to get away), or the vehicle might be used to deliver the bomb (often as part of a suicide bombing). It is commonly used as a weapon of terrorism or guerrilla warfare to kill people near the blast site or to damage buildings or other property. Car bombs act as their own delivery mechanisms and can carry a relatively large amount of explosives without attracting suspicion. In larger vehicles and trucks, weights of around or more have been u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orazio De Stefano
Orazio is a male given name of Italian origin, derived from the Latin name ( ''nomen'') Horatius, from the Roman gens (clan) Horatia. Given name People with this given name include: * Orazio degli Albizzi (1610–1676), Roman Catholic bishop * Orazio Alfani (c. 1510–1583), Italian painter * Orazio Antinori (1811–1882), Italian explorer and zoologist * Orazio Arancio (born 1967), Italian former rugby union player and current coach and sports director * Orazio Attanasio (born 1959), Italian economist and professor * Orazio Bacci (1864–1917), Italian politician * Orazio di Giampaolo Baglioni (1493–1528), Italian aristocrat and condottiero (mercenary commander) * Orazio Bassani (died 1615), Italian musician and composer *Orazio Benevoli (1605–1672), Italian composer * Orazio Bernardini (1899–1967), Italian admiral * Orazio Filippo Bianchi (1680–1757), Italian lawyer and classical scholar *Orazio Bianchi, Italian Baroque painter * Orazio Antonio Bologna (born 1945), Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'ndrina
The 'ndrina (, plural: ; , plural: ) is the basic unit of the 'Ndrangheta of Calabria, made up of blood relatives, and is the equivalent of the Sicilian Mafia’s "family" or ''cosca''.Varese, How Mafias Migrate'Gratteri & Nicaso ''Fratelli di sangue''p. 27/ref>Nicaso & Danesi, ''Made Men''p. 23/ref> The word derives from Greek language, Greek, meaning "a man who does not bend". Each '' 'ndrina'' is "autonomous on its territory and no formal authority stands above the '' 'ndrina'' boss." The '' 'ndrina'' is usually in control of a small town or a neighbourhood in larger cities, even outside Calabria, in cities and towns in the industrial North of Italy, in and around Turin and Milan. If more than one '' 'ndrina'' operates in the same town, they form a ''Locale ('Ndrangheta), locale'', the main local organizational unit of the 'Ndrangheta with jurisdiction over an entire town or an area in a large urban center.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods''pp. 29-30/ref> In some cases, sub-'' 'ndr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
