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Scouting In Laos
At the present time, there is no known Scouting program in Laos, one of only four of the world's independent countries that do not have Scouting. In the 1930s, André Lefèvre, chief of the Eclaireurs de France, set up a training camp for 60 Scoutmasters from all over French Indochina. At the end of 1937, French Scouting sent Scoutmaster Raymond Schlemmer to the Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese areas of Indochina to oversee the setting up of the Fédération Indochinoise des Associations du Scoutisme (FIAS, Indochinese Federation of Scouting Associations) in all three regions. From 1939 through 1945, the political situation affected Scouting activities all across the country, as World War II engendered a movement for an independent Laos. The French began to lose control and were finally overthrown by Japanese intervention. This ceased the French Scouts' activity in Laos, as well as all Scouting activities. In 1948 a new attempt was first organized in Luang Prabang h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lao Language
Lao, sometimes referred to as Laotian (, 'Lao' or , 'Lao language'), is a Kra–Dai language of the Lao people. It is spoken in Laos, where it is the official language for around 7 million people, as well as in northeast Thailand, where it is used by around 23 million people, usually referred to as Isan. Lao serves as a lingua franca among the citizens of Laos, who also speak approximately 90 other languages, many of which are unrelated to Lao. It is a tonal and analytic language, similar to other Kra-Dai languages as well as to Chinese and Vietnamese. Spoken Lao is mutually intelligible with Thai and Isan, fellow Southwestern Tai languages, to such a degree that their speakers are able to effectively communicate with one another speaking their respective languages. These languages are written with slightly different scripts but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum. Although there is no official standard, the Vientiane dialect became the de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lao National Union Party
The Lao National Union Party ( lo, ລາວລວມສຳພັນ, Lao Ruam Samphanh) was a Buddhist Socialist political party in Laos. History The party was established by Bong Souvannavong on 22 September 1947.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p689 It won two of the 39 seats in the 1951 elections and retained both in the 1955 elections. It failed to win a seat in the 1958 supplementary elections and lost parliamentary representation following the 1960 elections.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ..., Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II'', p137 References Defunct political parties in Laos Political parties established in 1947 1947 esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Organization Of The Scout Movement
The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM ) is the largest international Scouting organization. WOSM has 173 members. These members are recognized national Scout organizations, which collectively have around 43 million participants. WOSM was established in 1922, and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). The WOSM's current stated mission is "to contribute to the education of young people, through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society". WOSM is organized into regions and operates with a conference, committee and bureau. The WOSM is associated with three World Scout Centres. The World Scout Jamboree is held roughly every four years under the auspices of the WOSM, with members of WAGGGS also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric Khoo Heng-Pheng
Eric Khoo Heng-Pheng (; 17 April 195613 January 2014) was one of 12 elected volunteer members of the World Scout Committee, the main executive body of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, and Chairman of its Asia Pacific Regional Scout Committee, elected in 2001. He was elected at the 38th World Scout Conference in South Korea for a six-year term. Early life Khoo was from Tengkera, Malacca, Malaysia. He was a company director in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, and consultant for public relations and marketing. His business activities involved logistics, engineering, warehouse and property development. He was a member of the Royal Commonwealth Society and the Chartered Institute of Marketing. Scouting Khoo joined Scouting in 1965 at the age of nine as a Cub Scout and earned his King's Scout award in 1973. He has served as a Rover Scout leader, Scout Leader at the Maz International School, Chairman of the 25th Asia Pacific Region Scout Jamboree in Thailand in 2006, and Ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scouting In Cambodia
The Scout and Guide movement in Cambodia is served by two organizations: * Girl Guides Association of Cambodia, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts * National Association of Cambodian Scouts, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement History Scouting and Guiding was introduced to Cambodia in the 1930s, when several independent organizations emerged. Under the Japanese occupation during World War II all Scouting and Guiding activities were banned. Scouting and Guiding was readmitted from 1945 to 1964, when it was replaced by the Jeunesse Socialiste Royale Khmer, a socialist youth movement. An effort to reestablish Scouting in 1972 lasted only until 1975, when it was banned again by the Khmer Rouge. After 1990, several Scouting organizations were founded. They were merged in the coeducational National Association of Cambodian Scouts and the girls-only Girl Guides Association of Cambodia. Cambodian Scouting in exile Cambodian Scouting in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnamese Scout Association-Hoi Hung Dao
The Vietnamese Scout Association ( vi, Hội Hướng Đạo Việt Nam (HĐVN)) is a youth organization that was established in Vietnam and active between 1930 and 1975. The association was recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1957 to 1975. Because of the political situation and war in Vietnam, it was banned in communist North Vietnam after 1954 and in the entire nation after the communist victory following the fall of Saigon. It presently exists in exile, and is reforming within Vietnam itself. There are reports of clandestine Scouting activities in Vietnam dating from 1994 and 2002. Until WOSM recognition returned in 2019, Vietnam was the largest nation in population to have Scouting that is not recognized by the organization. History From its establishment in 1930, the Vietnamese Scout Association experienced many stages of development, and attracted many figures who later played important roles in the political stage of both North Vietnam, N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Pablo, California
San Pablo (Spanish for "St. Paul") is an enclave city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city of Richmond surrounds nearly the whole city. The population was 29,139 at the 2010 census. The current Mayor is Rita Xavier. Currently, the City Council consists of Arturo Cruz, Elizabeth Pabon-Alvarado, Abel Pineda and Patricia Ponce. Pineda is the Vice Mayor, and Cruz, Pabon-Alvarado, and Ponce are Council Members. Dorothy Gantt is the city Clerk. Viviana Toledo is the city Treasurer. History The area in which today's San Pablo is situated was originally occupied by the Cuchiyun band of the Ohlone indigenous people. The area was claimed for the king of Spain in the late 18th century and was granted for grazing purposes to the Mission Dolores located in today's San Francisco. Upon Mexico's independence from Spain, church properties were secularized and in 1823, the area became part of a large grant to an ex-soldier stationed at the San Francisco Presidio, Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacramento, California
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Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham ( ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama's most populous county. As of the 2021 census estimates, Birmingham had a population of 197,575, down 1% from the 2020 Census, making it Alabama's third-most populous city after Huntsville and Montgomery. The broader Birmingham metropolitan area had a 2020 population of 1,115,289, and is the largest metropolitan area in Alabama as well as the 50th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation. Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post- Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world's most populous megacities. Los Angeles is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Southern California. With a population of roughly 3.9 million residents within the city limits , Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic and cultural diversity, being the home of the Hollywood film industry, and its sprawling metropolitan area. The city of Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west and extending through the Santa Monica Mountains and north into the San Fernando Valley, with the city bordering the San Gabriel Valley to it's east. It covers about , and is the county seat of Los Angeles County, which is the most populous county in the United States with an estim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathet Lao
The Pathet Lao ( lo, ປະເທດລາວ, translit=Pa thēt Lāo, translation=Lao Nation), officially the Lao People's Liberation Army, was a communist political movement and organization in Laos, formed in the mid-20th century. The group was ultimately successful in assuming political power in 1975, after the Laotian Civil War. The Pathet Lao were always closely associated with Vietnamese communists. During the civil war, it was effectively organized, equipped and even led by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). They fought against the anti-communist forces in the Vietnam War. Eventually, the term became the generic name for Laotian communists. The most important source of military aid to the movement (as was also the case for the Vietnamese communists) was China; under orders from Mao Zedong, the People's Liberation Army provided 115,000 guns, 920,000 grenades and 170 million bullets, and trained more than 700 of its military officers. Organization The political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottawa, Ontario
Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). Ottawa had a city population of 1,017,449 and a metropolitan population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth-largest city and fourth-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Ottawa is the political centre of Canada and headquarters to the federal government. The city houses numerous foreign embassies, key buildings, organizations, and institutions of Canada's government, including the Parliament of Canada, the Supreme Court, the residence of Canada's viceroy, and Office of the Prime Minister. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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