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Scolytus Schevyrewi
''Scolytus schevyrewi'', the banded elm bark beetle, is a 3–4 mm long elm bark beetle species in the genus ''Scolytus'' native from Asia and accidentally introduced to North America. It is a vector of the Dutch elm disease, caused by the Ascomycota ''Ophiostoma ulmi'' and ''Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ''Ophiostoma'' is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed in 1919 by mycologists Hans Sydow and Paul Sydow. Species *''Ophiostoma adjuncti'' *'' Ophiostoma ainoae'' *'' Ophiostoma allantosporum'' *'' Ophiosto ...''. In North America, it is displacing both the native elm bark beetle and the previously introduced smaller European elm bark beetle, which are becoming less common in their range with the expansion of ''S. schevyrewi''. References Scolytinae Insect pests of temperate forests Beetles described in 1802 Taxa named by Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky {{Scolytinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semenov-Tian-Shanskij
Andrey Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (russian: Андре́й Петро́вич Семёнов-Тянь-Ша́нский) (9 June 1866–1942) was a Russian entomologist specializing in beetles. He was the son of Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky. He entered the St. Petersburg University in 1885. In 1888 and 1889 he traveled to the Trans- Caspian and Turkestan regions in search of insects, then in 1890 became a curator at the Imperial Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t .... He worked at the museum only until 1896 and then worked at his home. He studied mainly the Hymenoptera and Dermaptera. Citations of this author most frequently bear the spelling Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (e.g. He also took an interest in the poetry of Pushkin, the protection of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolytus
''Scolytus'' is a genus of bark beetles (subfamily Scolytinae). It includes several species notorious for destroying trees in the forests. The Dutch elm disease is spread in North America by two species : the native elm bark beetle, ''Hylurgopinus rufipes'', and the European elm bark beetle, ''Scolytus multistriatus''. In Europe, while the aforementioned ''Scolytus multistriatus'' again acts as vector for infection, it is much less effective than the large elm bark beetle ''Scolytus scolytus''. Species Species include: *''Scolytus amygdali'' Guerin, 1847, the almond bark beetle *''Scolytus dentatus'' Bright, 1964 *''Scolytus fagi'' Walsh, 1867 *''Scolytus jacobsoni'' Spessivtzev, 1919 *''Scolytus laricis'' Blackman, 1934, the larch engraver *'' Scolytus mali'' ( Bechstein, 1805), the larger shothole borer *''Scolytus monticolae'' Swaine, 1917 *''Scolytus multistriatus'' (Marsham, 1802), the European elm bark beetle, smaller European elm bark beetle *''Scolytus muticus'' Say ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism; agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as parasites or microbes. The first major discovery of a disease vector came from Ronald Ross in 1897, who discovered the malaria pathogen when he dissected a mosquito. Arthropods Arthropods form a major group of pathogen vectors with mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites transmitting a huge number of pathogens. Many such vectors are haematophagous, which feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects feed on blood, the pathogen enters the blood stream of the host. This can happen in different ways. The ''Anopheles'' mosquito, a vector for malaria, filariasis, and various arthropod-borne-viruses (arboviruses), inserts its delicate mouthpart under the skin and feeds on its host's blood. The parasites the mosquito carries are usually located in its salivary gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America, Europe, and New Zealand. In these regions it has devastated native populations of elms that did not have resistance to the disease. The name "Dutch elm disease" refers to its identification in 1921 and later in the Netherlands by Dutch phytopathologists Marie Beatrice Schol-Schwarz, Bea Schwarz and Christine Buisman, who both worked with professor Johanna Westerdijk. The disease affects species in the genera ''Ulmus'' and ''Zelkova''; therefore it is not specific to the Ulmus × hollandica, Dutch elm hybrid. Overview Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by ascomycete microfungi. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiostoma Ulmi
''Ophiostoma ulmi'' is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the causative agents of Dutch elm disease. It was first described under the name ''Graphium ulmi'', and later transferred to the genus ''Ophiostoma''. Dutch elm disease originated in Europe in the early 1900s. Elm trees were once an ecologically valuable tree that dominated mixed broadleaf forests, floodplains, and low areas near rivers and streams. They were planted in urban settings because of their aesthetic appeal and their ability to provide shade due to their V like shape. An outbreak of Dutch elm disease in the 1920s and again in the 1970s was responsible for the death of more than 40 million American elm trees. ''Ophiostoma ulmi'' was the first known cause of Dutch elm disease . Since its discovery in 1910, new forms of the fungus, specifically ''Ophiostoma novo-ulmi,'' have emerged and appear to be more resistant to control measures and more aggressive in their infection. Host rang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiostoma Novo-ulmi
''Ophiostoma'' is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed in 1919 by mycologists Hans Sydow and Paul Sydow. Species *''Ophiostoma adjuncti'' *'' Ophiostoma ainoae'' *'' Ophiostoma allantosporum'' *'' Ophiostoma angusticollis'' *'' Ophiostoma araucariae'' *'' Ophiostoma bacillisporum'' *'' Ophiostoma bicolor'' *''Ophiostoma bragantinum'' *'' Ophiostoma brevicolle'' *''Ophiostoma brunneociliatum'' *''Ophiostoma brunneum'' *'' Ophiostoma cantabriense'' *''Ophiostoma canum'' *''Ophiostoma carpenteri''Hausner, G., et al. 2003Three new species of ''Ophiostoma'' and notes on ''Cornuvesica falcate''.''Canadian Journal of Botany'' 81(1) 40–48. *''Ophiostoma clavatum'' *''Ophiostoma colliferum'' *''Ophiostoma coronatum'' *''Ophiostoma cuculatum'' *''Ophiostoma distortum'' *''Ophiostoma epigloeum'' *''Ophiostoma flexuosum'' *''Ophiostoma grande'' *''Ophiostoma himal-ulmi'' *''Ophiostoma longicollum'' *''Ophiostoma manitobense'' *'' Ophiostoma megalobrun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylurgopinus Rufipes
''Hylurgopinus rufipes'', known as the native elm bark beetle, is a species of elm bark beetles in the tribe Hylesinini (crenulate bark beetles). It is found in Canada and the United States. It is of particular importance as a vector of Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America .... It is brownish-red in color and its size ranges from 2.34 mm to 2.9 mm. References Beetles of North America Scolytinae {{Scolytinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolytus Multistriatus
''Scolytus multistriatus'', the European elm bark beetle or smaller European elm bark beetle, is a bark beetle species in the genus ''Scolytus''. In Europe, while ''S. multistriatus'' acts as vector of the Dutch elm disease, caused by the Ascomycota ''Ophiostoma ulmi'', it is much less effective than the large elm bark beetle, '' S. scolytus''. ''S. multistriatus'' uses vanillin and syringaldehyde as signals to find a host tree during oviposition.Vanillin and Syringaldehyde as Attractants for ''Scolytus multistriatus'' (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Meyer H.J. and Norris D.M., Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17 July 1967, Volume 60, Number 4, pages 858-859,abstract File:01a Scolytus multistriatus Imago 40fach.jpg, female file:01a Scolytus multistriatus Imago 40fach rechte Seite.jpg, female file:01a Scolytus multistriatus Imago 20fach.jpg, female file:01a Scolytus multistriatus Imago 20fach rechte Seite.jpg, female file:04 Scolytus multistriatus Fraßbild.jpg, ''Scoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolytinae
A bark beetle is the common name for the subfamily of beetles Scolytinae. Previously, this was considered a distinct family (Scolytidae), but is now understood to be a specialized clade of the "true weevil" family (Curculionidae). Although the term "bark beetle" refers to the fact that many species feed in the inner bark (phloem) layer of trees, the subfamily also has many species with other lifestyles, including some that bore into wood, feed in fruit and seeds, or tunnel into herbaceous plants. Well-known species are members of the type genus ''Scolytus'', namely the European elm bark beetle ''S. multistriatus'' and the large elm bark beetle ''S. scolytus'', which like the American elm bark beetle ''Hylurgopinus rufipes'', transmit Dutch elm disease fungi (''Ophiostoma''). The mountain pine beetle ''Dendroctonus ponderosae'', southern pine beetle ''Dendroctonus frontalis'', and their near relatives are major pests of conifer forests in North America. A similarly aggressive spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Pests Of Temperate Forests
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. Insect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beetles Described In 1802
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal life-forms; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ladybugs) eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops. Beetles typically have a particularly hard exoske ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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