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Santiago Mexquititlán Raid
In March 2006, six plainclothes agents of Mexico's Federal Investigations Agency (AFI) raided a market in Santiago Mexquititlán, Querétaro, in search of unauthorized copies of copyrighted works. The agents later alleged that they were held hostage by vendors during the raid. Three women were convicted of the alleged kidnapping. In September 2009, Jacinta Francisco Marcial and in April 2010 Alberta Alcántara and Teresa González, were released from prison after the charges against them were dropped. Allegations of kidnapping During the raid, the six AFI agents were cornered by a number of unarmed vendors in protest. The agents later claimed that the vendors demanded a ransom to let them go. Local witnesses to the incident denied any ransom demand was made. Jacinta Francisco Marcial Jacinta Francisco Marcial, an indigenous Otomí woman, sold ice cream in Santiago Mexquititlán's predominantly indigenous tianguis. The six AFI agents who conducted the raid implicated Franci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundary, maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), and is the List of countries by area, thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is the List of countries by population, tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the Hispanophone#Countries, largest number of native Spanish speakers. Mexico City is the capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city, which ranks among the List of cities by population, most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC. Mesoamerica, considered a cradle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Investigations Agency
The Federal Ministerial Police (, PFM) is a Mexican federal agency tasked with fighting corruption and organized crime, through an executive order by President Felipe Calderón. The agency is directed by the Attorney General's Office (FGR) and may have been partly modeled on the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. PFM agents in action often wear masks to prevent themselves from being identified by gang leaders. PFM agents are uniformed when carrying out raids. "Street-level" uniformed federal police patrols and transport terminal security are handled by the service personnel of the National Guard. History It was formed in 2009 as a reform and renaming of the Federal Investigative Agency (Agencia Federal de Investigación or AFI) which had replaced an earlier agency, the Federal Judicial Police. Some agents of the Federal Investigations Agency were believed to work as enforcers for the Sinaloa Cartel. The Attorney General's Office reported in December 2005 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Querétaro
Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro City, Santiago de Querétaro. It is located in north-central Mexico, in a region known as Bajío. It is bordered by the states of San Luis Potosí to the north, Guanajuato to the west, Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo to the east, State of Mexico, México to the southeast and Michoacán to the southwest. The state is one of the smallest in Mexico, but also one of the most heterogeneous geographically, with ecosystems varying from deserts to tropical rainforest, especially in the Sierra Gorda, which is filled with microecosystems. The area of the state was located on the northern edge of Mesoamerica, with both the Purépecha Empire and Aztec Empire having influence in the extreme south, but neither really dominating it. The area, especially the Sierra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otomi People
The Otomi (; ) are an Indigenous people of Mexico inhabiting the central Mexican Plateau (Altiplano) region. The Otomi are an Indigenous people of the Americas who inhabit a discontinuous territory in central Mexico. They are linguistically related to the rest of the Oto-Manguean languages, Otomanguean-speaking peoples, whose ancestors have occupied the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt for several thousand years. Currently, the Otomi inhabit a fragmented territory ranging from northern Guanajuato, to eastern Michoacán and southeastern Tlaxcala. However, most of them are concentrated in the states of Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo, Mexico and Querétaro City, Querétaro. According to the National Institute of Indigenous Peoples of Mexico, the Otomi ethnic group totaled 667,038 people in the Mexican Republic in 2015, making them the fifth largest Indigenous people in the country. Of these, only a little more than half spoke Otomi. In this regard, the Otomi language presents a high degree of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianguis
A is an open-air market or bazaar that is traditionally held on certain market days in a town or city neighborhood in Mexico and Central America. This bazaar tradition has its roots well into the pre-Hispanic period and continues in many cases essentially unchanged into the present day. The word comes from in Classical Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec Empire. In rural areas, many traditional types of merchandise are still sold, such as agriculture supplies and products as well as modern, mass-produced goods. In the cities, mass-produced goods are mostly sold, but the organization of events is mostly the same. There are also specialty events for holidays such as Christmas as well as for particular types of items such as cars or art. History The tradition of buying and selling in temporary markets set up either on a regular basis (weekly, monthly, etc.) is a strong feature in much of Mexican culture and has a history that extends far back into the pre-Hispanic period. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says that it has more than ten million members and supporters around the world. The stated mission of the organization is to campaign for "a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments". The organization has played a notable role on human rights issues due to its frequent citation in media and by world leaders. AI was founded in London in 1961 by the lawyer Peter Benenson. In what he called "The Forgotten Prisoners" and "An Appeal for Amnesty", which appeared on the front page of the British newspaper ''The Observer'', Benenson wrote about two students who toasted to freedom in Portugal and four other people who had been jailed in other nations because of their beliefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrongful Prosecution
A miscarriage of justice occurs when an unfair outcome occurs in a criminal or civil proceeding, such as the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit. Miscarriages are also known as wrongful convictions. Innocent people have sometimes ended up in prison for years before their conviction has eventually been overturned. They may be exonerated if new evidence comes to light or it is determined that the police or prosecutor committed some kind of misconduct at the original trial. In some jurisdictions this leads to the payment of compensation.Compensating The Wrongly Convicted , Innocence Project Academic studies have found that the main factors contributing to miscarriages of justice are: [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prisoner Of Conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs. Most often associated with the human rights organisation Amnesty International, the term was coined by that organisation's founder Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article (" The Forgotten Prisoners") for London newspaper ''The Observer''. Definition The article " The Forgotten Prisoners" by English lawyer Peter Benenson, published in ''The Observer'' on 28 May 1961, launched the campaign "Appeal for Amnesty 1961" and first defined a "prisoner of conscience". The primary goal of this year-long campaign, founded by Benenson and a small group of writers, academics and lawyers, including Quaker peace activist Eric Baker, was to identify individual prisoners of conscience around the world and then campaign for their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Justice Of The Nation
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (, SCJN) is the Mexican institution serving as the country's federal high court and the spearhead organisation for the judiciary of the Mexican Federal Government. Judges of the SCJN are appointed for 15 years.Article 94 Mexican Constitution They are ratified through affirmation by the Senate from a list proposed by the president of the republic. The ministers chosen will select from among themselves who shall be the president of the court to serve a four-year period; any given minister may serve out more than one term as president, but may not do so consecutively. Requirements for holding a seat on the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation * Be no less than 35 years of age nor over 65 years of age at the time of one's appointment * Have held a law degree for at least 10 years. * To have a good reputation and have not have been convicted of theft, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, or any other offense which could imply a punishment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Enforcement
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States and fair dealings doctrine in the United Kingdom. Some jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights normally include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. Copyrights can be granted by publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Mexico
Mexico's law enforcement operates with three distinct powers of authority and jurisdiction: federal, state and municipal. The Federal Police, which oversaw nationwide police operations, was dissolved in 2019 by president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador due to corruption, links with organized crime and similar issues. The Mexican National Guard replaced the Federal Police. Overview There are two federal police forces, 31 state police forces including two for Mexico City, and (per an investigation of the Executive Secretariat of the National Public Safety System) 1,807 municipal police forces. There are 366 officers per 100,000 people, which equals approximately 500,000 in total. Moreover, regarding federal law enforcement and defense, Mexico's government owns the Ministry of Security and Civilian Protection (Secretaría de Seguridad y Protección Ciudadana - SSPC), the Ministry of National Defense, and the Ministry of Navy (Secretaría de Marina - SEMAR). The Mexican Army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Intellectual Property Law
Industrial property law in Mexico has been changing in order to be updated with the international tendencies. The process of integration in NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is one the international factors that have affected the law. It has defined aspects of the current law, and especially its limitations in relation to foreign investments. The law is designed to protect inventions. Inventions are classified according to this law in patents, utility models and industrial designs. Each of them has different definitions and characteristics that the law explains. This article includes some background, legal definitions and effects of the law. Background The oldest Mexican legal instrument directly related to industrial property is the “Law on property rights for inventors” which dates from 1832. It gave protection to certain types of ideas and inventions. It had a strong influence from Spanish law. In 1889, during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz, this law was replaced b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
