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Sandford Principle
The Sandford Principle is a concept in the management of protected landscapes in the United Kingdom. It is called the Sandford Principle after Lord Sandford who chaired the National Parks Policy Review Committee which reviewed national parks of England and Wales in between 1971 and 1974. The two purposes of national parks are, in short, #conservation of the natural environment and #access for the public. (Considering the economic and social well-being of the community is also a duty which was subsequently introduced and applies to more recently created parks). The purposes were amended by the Environment Act 1995. They are now, firstly, to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the area and, secondly, to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the area by the public. Most of the time it is possible to achieve both the original two purposes by good management. Occasionally a situation arises wher ...
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 170 ...
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John Edmondson, 2nd Baron Sandford
Commander John Cyril Edmondson, 2nd Baron Sandford, DSC (22 December 1920 – 13 January 2009) was a decorated Royal Navy officer, Church of England clergyman, conservationist and Conservative politician. As a junior minister charged with a review of policy on national parks, he formulated what became known as the "Sandford principle": if there is a conflict between leisure use of the National Park, and protecting its natural state, the state of the park must be preserved. Sandford was the eldest son of Albert Edmondson, 1st Baron Sandford, and his wife Edith Elizabeth (née Freeman, and sister to Ralph, Arnold and Peter). He was educated at St Cyprian's School, Eton, and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth and later trained for Holy Orders at Westcott House, Cambridge. He served in the Royal Navy in the Second World War, notably at the landings in North Africa, Sicily and Normandy, where he was wounded. For his actions at Normandy he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross ...
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National Parks Of England And Wales
National parks of the United Kingdom ( cy, parciau cenedlaethol; gd, pàircean nàiseanta) are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape across the country. Despite their name, they are quite different from national parks in many other countries, which are usually owned and managed by governments as protected community resources, and which do not usually include permanent human communities. In the United Kingdom, an area designated as a national park may include substantial settlements and human land uses that are often integral parts of the landscape. Land within national parks remains largely in private ownership. These parks are therefore not "national parks" according to the internationally accepted standard of the IUCN but they are areas of outstanding landscape where planning controls are a little more restrictive than elsewhere. Within the United Kingdom there are fourteen national parks of which nine are in England, three in Wales and two in Scotland. There ...
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Environment Act 1995
The Environment Act 1995c 25 passed under the ministerial tutelage of John Gummer, is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which created a number of new agencies and set new standards for environmental management. See also *English land law *UK environmental law *Hedgerows Regulations 1997 The Hedgerows Regulations 1997 of England and Wales is a UK Statutory Instrument (1997 No. 1160) which came into effect on 1 June 1997 and is government legislation which falls under the Environment Act 1995. It was created to protect hedgerows, ... External links * United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1995 Environmental law in the United Kingdom Waste legislation in the United Kingdom 1995 in British law 1995 in the environment {{UK-statute-stub ...
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National Park Authority
A national park authority is a special term used in Great Britain for legal bodies charged with maintaining a national park of which, as of October 2021, there are ten in England, three in Wales and two in Scotland. The powers and duties of all such authorities are similar, but their work varies depending on where they are situated. National park authorities were set up by the Environment Act 1995. __NOTOC__ List of national park authorities England *Peak District National Park Authority *Lake District National Park Authority *Dartmoor National Park Authority * North York Moors National Park Authority *Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority *Exmoor National Park Authority *Northumberland National Park Authority *Broads Authority *New Forest National Park Authority * South Downs National Park Authority Wales *Snowdonia National Park Authority * Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority *Brecon Beacons National Park Authority Scotland * Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National P ...
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