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Saint-Étienne–Lyon Railway
The Saint-Étienne to Lyon line is a railway linking Saint-Étienne to Lyon. The line was built between 1828 and 1833 by Camille Seguin and Marc Seguin at a cost of 14,500,000 FRF. History Construction Construction began in September 1826. Marc Seguin was chief engineer, chief of estates, maintenance and rolling stock at the same time. Despite all the natural obstacles he encountered, Seguin drew up the plans for line, 56 km in length, with a slow descent towards Lyon. The first part of the line, between Saint-Étienne and Rive-de-Gier was laid at a constant descent of 1.2 to 1.4%. The following section, running along the Gier valley down to Givors, on the Rhône, was less inclined, with a slope of 0.65%. The last section of the line, to Lyon, was built virtually level. Technical data To avoid difficulties in acquiring land, with no laws concerning compulsory purchase at the time, Seguin built several bridges and tunnels. Between 1827 and 1830 he dug the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNCF
The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffic along with Monaco, including the TGV, on France's high-speed rail network. Its functions include operation of railway services for passengers and freight (through its subsidiaries SNCF Voyageurs and Rail Logistics Europe), as well as maintenance and signalling of rail infrastructure (SNCF Réseau). The railway network consists of about of route, of which are high-speed lines and electrified. About 14,000 trains are operated daily. In 2010 the SNCF was ranked 22nd in France and 214th globally on the Fortune Global 500 list. It is the main business of the SNCF Group, which in 2020 had €30 billion of sales in 120 countries. The SNCF Group employs more than 275,000 employees in France and around the world. Since July 2013, the SNCF Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cast Iron
Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite "nodules" which stop the crack from further progressing. Carbon (C), ranging from 1.8 to 4 wt%, and silicon (Si), 1–3 wt%, are the main alloying elements of cast iron. Iron alloys with lower carbon content are known as steel. Cast iron tends to be brittle, except for malleable cast irons. With its relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to deformation and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications and are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport In Saint-Étienne
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables human trade, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of both fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halle Et Quais De La Gare De Lyon-Perrache
Halle may refer to: Places Germany * Halle (Saale), also called Halle an der Saale, a city in Saxony-Anhalt ** Halle (region), a former administrative region in Saxony-Anhalt ** Bezirk Halle, a former administrative division of East Germany ** Halle-Neustadt, a former city * Halle (Westfalen), a town in North Rhine-Westphalia * Halle, Bentheim, in the district of Bentheim, Lower Saxony * Halle, Holzminden, in the district of Holzminden, Lower Saxony * Halle (Heve), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Elsewhere * Halle, Belgium, a city and municipality * Halle, Netherlands, a village in the Netherlands * Halle Range, a mountain range in Greenland People * Halle (name), a given name and a surname (including a list of people with the name) * Halle (singer) (born 1986), Nigerian actress, singer-songwriter and dancer Other uses * Battle of Halle, a clash in 1806 at Halle, Saxony-Anhalt * ''Halle'' fireboat, one of the fireboats of Duluth * ''Halle'' (album), an album by the Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ch De Fer Lyon StEtienne
CH, Ch, cH, or ch may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Television channel (sometimes abbreviated as "ch." for television and cable stations) * ''Chaos;Head'', a video game * ''Clone Hero'', a clone game version of popular rhythm game series ''Guitar Hero''. * CollegeHumor, a comedy website * E!, a defunct Canadian television system that went by the name CH from 2001 to 2007 Businesses * Bemidji Airlines (IATA code CH) * Carolina Herrera, a fashion designer based in New York * Columbia Helicopters, an aircraft manufacturing and operator company based in Aurora, Oregon, United States In language * Ch (digraph), considered a single letter in several Latin-alphabet languages * Chamorro language: ISO 639 alpha-2 language code (ch) Science and technology Chemistry * The methylidyne radical (a carbyne); CH• (or •CH), CH3• (or ⫶CH) * The methylidyne group ≡CH * The methine group (methanylylidene, methylylidene) =CH− Mathematics and computing * Chomsky hierarchy, in com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forez
Forez is a former province of France, corresponding approximately to the central part of the modern Loire ''département'' and a part of the Haute-Loire and Puy-de-Dôme ''départements''. The final "z" in Forez () is not pronounced in the Loire département; however, it is pronounced in the western part of the former province, essentially when referring to the correspondent Forez Mountains (on the border between Puy-de-Dôme and Loire. The name is derived from the city of Feurs. Franco-Provençal is the language that was historically spoken in the region. The city of Montbrison, Loire is considered the historical capital of the Forez. Residents of the Forez are called Foréziens. The rue du Forez in the third arrondissement of Paris was built in the late 16th century and appears on Turgot's map of Paris. List of counts of Forez The origins of the county of Forez are obscure. There are several early figures who are sometimes supposed to have been counts of Forez. Whether thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco-Provençal Language
Franco-Provençal (also Francoprovençal, Patois or Arpitan) is a language within Gallo-Romance originally spoken in east-central France, western Switzerland and northwestern Italy. Franco-Provençal has several distinct dialects and is separate from but closely related to neighbouring Romance dialects (the langues d'oïl and the langues d'oc, in France, as well as Rhaeto-Romance in Switzerland and Italy). Even with all its distinct dialects counted together, the number of Franco-Provençal speakers has been declining significantly and steadily. According to UNESCO, Franco-Provençal was already in 1995 a "potentially endangered language" in Italy and an "endangered language" in Switzerland and France. Ethnologue classifies it as "nearly extinct". The designation ''Franco-Provençal'' (Franco-Provençal: ; french: francoprovençal; it, francoprovenzale) dates to the 19th century. In the late 20th century, it was proposed that the language be referred to under the neologism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Roquille
Jean Guillaume Roquille (26 October 1804 – 1 February 1860) was a French tinsmith and poet who wrote in the Franco-Provençal language. Some of his work was burlesque, but much was serious commentary on the wretched conditions of the working people in the industrial regions of the Saint-Étienne basin and Lyon. Life Jean Guillaume Roquille's birth in Rive-de-Gier, in the industrial Gier valley between Saint-Étienne and Lyon, was recorded on 26 October 1804. His father was a ''crocheteur'' (porter) on the canal in Rive-de-Gier. He grew up in a humble household and received only basic education. He became a tinsmith by profession. Guillaume Roquille published a number of texts in the Franco-Provençal language in the 1830s, often commenting on events of the day. His criticism of the brutal suppression of the 1834 silk workers revolt in Lyon earned him prosecution for a misdemeanor, although his detailed account of the police provocation and the massacres appear to be accura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Givors Canal
Givors (; frp, Givôrs) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. Location It lies at the confluence of the Rhone and the Gier about south of Lyon and on the main road between that city and Saint-Étienne. It lies between the Monts du Lyonnais to the north and west and the foothills of Mont Pilat to the south and west. The city has long served as a crossroads between the communities of the Rhône and those of the Loire. The A47 autoroute runs through the heart of Givors connecting it to Saint-Étienne, Lyon and Vienne. Givors is also a northern gateway to the Pilat Regional Natural Park. History Early years Before Roman times the Segusiavi occupied the territory where the present city of Givors is found. The fishing community lay on the Roman Via Aquitania. The Tour de Varissan was a Roman post of some importance. In 1032 the province came under rule of the emperor Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, and was German until 115 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fier (river)
The Fier () is a long river in the Haute-Savoie and Savoie ''départements'', southeastern France. Its source is at Manigod, in the Aravis Range. It flows generally west. It is a left tributary of the Rhône into which it flows at Seyssel. Among its tributaries are the Chéran and the Thiou, that drains Lake Annecy. ''Départements'' and communes along its course This list is ordered from source to mouth: * Haute-Savoie: Manigod, Les Clefs, Thônes, La Balme-de-Thuy, Alex, Dingy-Saint-Clair, Annecy-le-Vieux, Nâves-Parmelan, Villaz, Argonay, Pringy, Metz-Tessy, Meythet, Annecy, Cran-Gevrier, Poisy, Chavanod, Lovagny, Étercy, Vaulx, Hauteville-sur-Fier, Sales Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods sold in a given targeted time period. The delivery of a service for a cost is also considered a sale. The seller, or the provider of the goods or services, completes a sale in ..., Vallières, Rumilly, Moye, Lornay, Val-de-Fie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Chamond, Loire
Saint-Chamond () is a commune in the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central France. Situated 13 km northeast of the city of Saint-Étienne and 50 km southwest of Lyon, the town dates back to the Roman period. It lies in an iron and coal region, which were the basis of industrial growth during the 19th and 20th centuries. As many of the mines and factories closed in the late 20th century due to restructuring, there was a loss of jobs and population. The present city of Saint-Chamond is the result of the merger in 1964 of the communes of Saint-Martin-en-Coailleux, Saint-Julien-en-Jarez, Izieux and Saint-Chamond. The new town is the third-largest town in the department. Location Saint-Chamond is located in the Gier valley between the Monts du Lyonnais to the north and Mont Pilat to the south. The peak of Perdrix, at is the highest in the Pilat massif. The "Saut du Gier" waterfall is in the Pilat Regional Natural Park. The peak of Œillon pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
%2C_château_des_seigneurs_de_et_église_collégiale%2C_sur_la_colline_Saint-Ennemond%2C_gravure_1644.jpg "Click for more on -> Saint-Chamond, Loire")