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ST6 And ST7
The ST6 and ST7 are 8-bit microcontroller product lines from STMicroelectronics. They are commonly used in small embedded applications like washing machines. Although they use similar peripherals and are marketed as part of the same product line,Datasheet: ST62T00C/T01C from 1998 100616 edn.com the two architectures are actually quite different. Both have an 8-bit accumulator used for most operations, plus two 8-bit index registers (X and Y) used for memory addressing. Also both have 8-bit instructions followed by up to 2 bytes of operands, and both have support for manipulating and branching on individual bits of memory. There, the similarities end. The ST6 is a Harvard architecture with an 8-bit (256 byte) data address space and a separate 12-bit (4096 byte) program space. Operands are always 1 byte long, and some instructions support two operands, such as "move 8-bit immediate to 8-bit memory address". Subroutine calls are done using a separate hardware stack. Data regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank-switching
Bank switching is a technique used in computer design to increase the amount of usable memory beyond the amount directly addressable by the processor instructions. It can be used to configure a system differently at different times; for example, a ROM required to start a system from diskette could be switched out when no longer needed. In video game systems, bank switching allowed larger games to be developed for play on existing consoles. Bank switching originated in minicomputer systems. Many modern microcontrollers and microprocessors use bank switching to manage random-access memory, non-volatile memory, input-output devices and system management registers in small embedded systems. The technique was common in 8-bit microcomputer systems. Bank-switching may also be used to work around limitations in address bus width, where some hardware constraint prevents straightforward addition of more address lines, and to work around limitations in the ISA, where the addresses ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carry Bit
In computer processors the carry flag (usually indicated as the C flag) is a single bit in a system status register/flag register used to indicate when an arithmetic carry or borrow has been generated out of the most significant arithmetic logic unit (ALU) bit position. The carry flag enables numbers larger than a single ALU width to be added/subtracted by carrying (adding) a binary digit from a partial addition/subtraction to the least significant bit position of a more significant word. This is typically programmed by the user of the processor on the assembly or machine code level, but can also happen internally in certain processors, via digital logic or microcode, where some processors have wider registers and arithmetic instructions than (combinatorial, or "physical") ALU. It is also used to extend bit shifts and rotates in a similar manner on many processors (sometimes done via a dedicated flag). For subtractive operations, two (opposite) conventions are employed as most mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carry Note-1
Carry or carrying may refer to: People *Carry (name) Finance * Carried interest (or carry), the share of profits in an investment fund paid to the fund manager * Carry (investment), a financial term: the carry of an asset is the gain or cost of holding the asset Firearms * Concealed carry, carrying a firearm or other weapon in public in a concealed manner * Open carry, openly carrying a firearm in public Sports & gaming * Carry, a fault in the game of pickleball * Carry (American football), a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play * Carry (eSports), a type of role in multiplayer online battle arena games * Carrying (basketball), a rule breach in basketball Other * Carry (arithmetic), when a digit is larger than a limit and the extra is moved to the left ** Carry flag, the equivalent in calculation in a computer * "Carry" (song), a song by Tori Amos * Suzuki Carry, a light commercial vehicle See also * * Carey (other) * Carrie (other) * Cary ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carry Note-0
Carry or carrying may refer to: People *Carry (name) Finance * Carried interest (or carry), the share of profits in an investment fund paid to the fund manager * Carry (investment), a financial term: the carry of an asset is the gain or cost of holding the asset Firearms * Concealed carry, carrying a firearm or other weapon in public in a concealed manner * Open carry, openly carrying a firearm in public Sports & gaming * Carry, a fault in the game of pickleball * Carry (American football), a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play * Carry (eSports), a type of role in multiplayer online battle arena games * Carrying (basketball), a rule breach in basketball Other * Carry (arithmetic), when a digit is larger than a limit and the extra is moved to the left ** Carry flag, the equivalent in calculation in a computer * "Carry" (song), a song by Tori Amos * Suzuki Carry, a light commercial vehicle See also * * Carey (other) * Carrie (other) * Cary ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carry Note
Carry or carrying may refer to: People *Carry (name) Finance * Carried interest (or carry), the share of profits in an investment fund paid to the fund manager * Carry (investment), a financial term: the carry of an asset is the gain or cost of holding the asset Firearms * Concealed carry, carrying a firearm or other weapon in public in a concealed manner * Open carry, openly carrying a firearm in public Sports & gaming * Carry, a fault in the game of pickleball * Carry (American football), a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play * Carry (eSports), a type of role in multiplayer online battle arena games * Carrying (basketball), a rule breach in basketball Other * Carry (arithmetic), when a digit is larger than a limit and the extra is moved to the left ** Carry flag, the equivalent in calculation in a computer * "Carry" (song), a song by Tori Amos * Suzuki Carry, a light commercial vehicle See also * * Carey (other) * Carrie (other) * Cary ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-maskable Interrupt
In computing, a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) is a hardware interrupt that standard interrupt-masking techniques in the system cannot ignore. It typically occurs to signal attention for non-recoverable hardware errors. Some NMIs may be masked, but only by using proprietary methods specific to the particular NMI. An NMI is often used when response time is critical or when an interrupt should never be disabled during normal system operation. Such uses include reporting non-recoverable hardware errors, system debugging and profiling, and handling of special cases like system resets. Modern computer architectures typically use NMIs to handle non-recoverable errors which need immediate attention. Therefore, such interrupts should not be masked in the normal operation of the system. These errors include non-recoverable internal system chipset errors, corruption in system memory such as parity and ECC errors, and data corruption detected on system and peripheral buses. On some systems, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zero Flag
The zero flag is a single bit flag that is a central feature on most conventional CPU architectures (including x86, ARM, PDP-11, 68000, 6502, and numerous others). It is often stored in a dedicated register, typically called status register or flag register, along with other flags. The zero flag is typically abbreviated Z or ZF or similar in most documentation and assembly languages. Along with a carry flag, a sign flag and an overflow flag, the zero flag is used to check the result of an arithmetic operation, including bitwise logical instructions. It is set to 1, or true, if an arithmetic result is zero, and reset otherwise. This includes results which are not stored, as most traditional instruction sets implement the compare instruction as a subtract where the result is discarded. It is also common that processors have a bitwise AND-instruction that does not store the result. The logical formula of the zero flag for a twos-complement binary operand is NOT(OR(all bits of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carry Flag
In computer processors the carry flag (usually indicated as the C flag) is a single bit in a system status register/flag register used to indicate when an arithmetic carry or borrow has been generated out of the most significant arithmetic logic unit (ALU) bit position. The carry flag enables numbers larger than a single ALU width to be added/subtracted by carrying (adding) a binary digit from a partial addition/subtraction to the least significant bit position of a more significant word. This is typically programmed by the user of the processor on the assembly or machine code level, but can also happen internally in certain processors, via digital logic or microcode, where some processors have wider registers and arithmetic instructions than (combinatorial, or "physical") ALU. It is also used to extend bit shifts and rotates in a similar manner on many processors (sometimes done via a dedicated flag). For subtractive operations, two (opposite) conventions are employed as most ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EPROM
An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called non-volatile. It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies higher voltages than those normally used in digital circuits. Once programmed, an EPROM can be erased by exposing it to strong ultraviolet light source (such as from a mercury-vapor lamp). EPROMs are easily recognizable by the transparent fused quartz (or on later models resin) window on the top of the package, through which the silicon chip is visible, and which permits exposure to ultraviolet light during erasing. Operation Development of the EPROM memory cell started with investigation of faulty integrated circuits where the gate connections of transistors had broken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Read-only Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is useful for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, also known as firmware. Software applications (like video games) for programmable devices can be distributed as plug-in cartridges containing ROM. Strictly speaking, ''read-only memory'' refers to memory that is hard-wired, such as diode matrix or a mask ROM integrated circuit (IC), which cannot be electronically changed after manufacture. Although discrete circuits can be altered in principle, through the addition of bodge wires and/or the removal or replacement of components, ICs cannot. Correction of errors, or updates to the software, require new devices to be manufactured and to replace the installed device. Floating-gate ROM semiconductor memory in the form of erasab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcontroller
A microcontroller (MCU for ''microcontroller unit'', often also MC, UC, or μC) is a small computer on a single VLSI integrated circuit (IC) chip. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips. In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip (SoC). An SoC may connect the external microcontroller chips as the motherboard components, but an SoC usually integrates the advanced peripherals like graphics processing unit (GPU) and Wi-Fi interface controller as its internal microcontroller unit circuits. Microcontrollers are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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