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SPHINCS
SPHINCS+, also known officially as SLH-DSA, is a post-quantum signature scheme selected by the NIST for the FIPS 205 standard of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization, post-quantum standardisation process. Design SPHINCS+ is based on a one-time signature scheme called WOTS+ (a modified version of the Winternitz one-time signature scheme), a few-time signature scheme called FORS (Forest of Random Subsets) and merkle trees. When signing, the message is signed with a FORS key. The FORS key is signed with a WOTS+ key that is a leaf of a merkle tree. The root of the tree is then signed with another WOTS+ key that is itself a leaf of another tree. That tree's root is again signed with a WOTS+. The number of layers of trees is a parameter that is specified as part of the algorithm. This "tree of trees" is called a hypertree. The root of the top tree is the public key. The signature consists of the FORS key and its signature, the WOTS+ keys with their signatures and inclusio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hash-based Cryptography
Hash-based cryptography is the generic term for constructions of cryptographic primitives based on the security of hash functions. It is of interest as a type of post-quantum cryptography. So far, hash-based cryptography is used to construct digital signatures schemes such as the Merkle signature scheme, zero knowledge and computationally integrity proofs, such as the zk-STARKBen-Sasson, Eli and Bentov, Iddo and Horesh, Yinon and Riabzev, Michael, 2018Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity proof system and range proofs over issued credentials via the HashWires protocol. Hash-based signature schemes combine a one-time signature scheme, such as a Lamport signature, with a Merkle tree structure. Since a one-time signature scheme key can only sign a single message securely, it is practical to combine many such keys within a single, larger structure. A Merkle tree structure is used to this end. In this hierarchical data structure, a hash function and con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |