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SGML
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; International Organization for Standardization, ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates": * Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments. * Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases. DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools. Standard versions SGML is an International Organization for Standardization, ISO standard: "ISO 8879:1986 Information processing – Text and office systems – Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)", of which there are three versions: * Original ''SGML'', which was accept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markup Language
A markup language is a Encoding, text-encoding system which specifies the structure and formatting of a document and potentially the relationships among its parts. Markup can control the display of a document or enrich its content to facilitate automated processing. A markup language is a set of rules governing what markup information may be included in a document and how it is combined with the content of the document in a way to facilitate use by humans and computer programs. The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of paper manuscripts (e.g., with revision instructions by editors), traditionally written with a red pen or blue pencil (editing), blue pencil on authors' manuscripts. Older markup languages, which typically focus on typography and presentation, include Troff, TeX, and LaTeX. Scribe (markup language), Scribe and most modern markup languages, such as Extensible Markup Language, XML, identify document components (for example headings, paragraphs, and tabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript, a programming language. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and browser engine, render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page Semantic Web, semantically and originally included cues for its appearance. HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, HTML element#Images and objects, images and other objects such as Fieldset, interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, Hyperlink, links, quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SGML Entity
In the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), an entity is a primitive data type, which associates a string with either a unique alias (such as a user-specified name) or an SGML reserved word (such as #DEFAULT). Entities are foundational to the organizational structure and definition of SGML documents. The SGML specification defines numerous entity types, which are distinguished by keyword qualifiers and context. An entity string value may variously consist of plain text, SGML tags, and/or references to previously defined entities. Certain entity types may also invoke external documents. Entities are called by reference. Entity types Entities are classified as general or parameter: * A ''general'' entity can only be referenced within the document content. * A ''parameter'' entity can only be referenced within the document type definition (DTD). Entities are also further classified as parsed or unparsed: * A ''parsed'' entity contains text, which will be incorporated into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34, Document description and processing languages is a subcommittee of the ISO/IEC JTC 1 joint technical committee, which is a collaborative effort of both the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission, which develops and facilitates standards within the field of document description and processing languages. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 is the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) located in Japan. Scope The scope of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 is as follows. Standardization in the field of document structures, languages and related facilities for the description and processing of compound and hypermedia documents, including: * languages for document logical structures and their support facilities * languages for describing document-like objects in web environments * document processing architecture and * formatting for logical documents * languages for describing interactive documents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Goldfarb
Charles F. Goldfarb, (born November 26, 1939) is known as the father of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and grandfather of HTML and the World Wide Web. He co-invented the concept of markup languages. In 1969 Charles Goldfarb, leading a small team at IBM, developed the first markup language, called Generalized Markup Language, or GML. Goldfarb coined the term GML, an initialism for the three researchers, Charles Goldfarb, Ed Mosher and Ray Lorie, who worked on the project. In 1974, Goldfarb designed SGML and subsequently wrote the first SGML parser, ARC-SGML. SGML facilitates the sharing of machine readable documents for large projects. SGML was used by the military and aerospace, and industrial publishing. Goldfarb continued working to turn SGML into the ISO 8879 standard, and served as its editor in the standardization committee. Goldfarb held a J.D. from Harvard Law School. After working at IBM International Business Machines Corporation (using the tradema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Document Type Declaration
A document type declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an instruction that associates a particular XML or SGML document (for example, a web page) with a document type definition (DTD) (for example, the formal definition of a particular version of HTML 2.0 - 4.0). In the serialized form of the document, it manifests as a short string of markup that conforms to a particular syntax. The HTML layout engines in modern web browsers perform DOCTYPE "sniffing" or "switching", wherein the DOCTYPE in a document served as text/html determines a layout mode, such as " quirks mode" or "standards mode". The text/html serialization of HTML5, which is not SGML-based, uses the DOCTYPE only for mode selection. Since web browsers are implemented with special-purpose HTML parsers, rather than general-purpose DTD-based parsers, they do not use DTDs and never access them even if a URL is provided. The DOCTYPE is retained in HTML5 as a "mostly useless, but required" header only to trigger "standards mode" in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DSSSL
The Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) is an international standard developed to provide stylesheets for SGML documents. DSSSL consists of two parts: a tree transformation process that can be used to manipulate the tree structure of documents prior to presentation, and a formatting process that associates the elements in the source document with specific nodes in the target representation—the flow object tree. DSSSL specifications are device-independent pieces of information that can be interchanged between different platforms. DSSSL does not standardize the back-end formatters that generate the language's output. Such formatters may render the output for on-screen display, or write it to a computer file in a specific format (such as PostScript or Rich Text Format). Based on a subset of the Scheme programming language, it is specified by the standard ISO/ IEC 10179:1996. It was developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HyTime
HyTime (''Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language'') is a markup language that is an application of SGML. HyTime defines a set of hypertext-oriented element types that, in effect, supplement SGML and allow SGML document authors to build hypertext and multimedia presentations in a standardized way. HyTime is an international standard published by the ISO and IEC. The first edition was published in 1992, and the second edition was published in 1997. Legacy Some of the concepts formalized in HyTime were later incorporated into HTML and XML: * HTML is an application of SGML for hypertext document presentations, that assigns specific semantics and processing expectations to a fixed set of element types. * XML defines a simplified subset of SGML that focuses on providing an open vocabulary of element types for data modeling and establishes precise expectations for how the marked-up data is read and subsequently fed to another software application for further processing, but doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DocBook
DocBook is a Semantics (computer science), semantic markup language for technical documentation. It was originally intended for writing technical documents related to computer hardware and software, but it can be used for any other sort of documentation. As a semantic language, DocBook enables its users to create separation of presentation and content, document content in a presentation-neutral form that captures the logical structure of the content; that content can then be published in a variety of formats, including HTML, XHTML, EPUB, Portable Document Format, PDF, Manual page (Unix), man pages, WebHelp and Microsoft Compiled HTML Help, HTML Help, without requiring users to make any changes to the source. In other words, when a document is written in DocBook format it becomes easily portable into other formats, rather than needing to be rewritten. Design DocBook is an XML language. In its current version (5.x), DocBook's language is formally defined by a RELAX NG XML schema, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LinuxDoc
LinuxDoc is an SGML DTD which is similar to DocBook. Matt Welsh created it, and version 1.1 was announced in 1994. It is primarily used by the Linux Documentation Project. The DocBook SGML tags are often longer than the equivalent LinuxDoc tags. LinuxDoc has a more succinct DTD than DocBook. Users of small to medium-size projects have found that it suits their purposes better than DocBook. 2000-12-07 The distribution of has a Linuxdoc-tools package. See also *[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
