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S. M. Stern
Samuel Miklos Stern (Tab, Hungary, 22 November 1920 – Oxford, 29 October 1969) was a Hungarian–British academic specializing in Oriental studies. Life He was born to an Orthodox Jewish family in Hungary, and lost his father at the age of three. His mother took over his early education, and ensured his upbringing in a religious-minded Jewish manner; Stern learned to read Hebrew before he could read the Latin alphabet. He continued his education at a Benedictine school and at a gymnasium in Budapest, where he acquired knowledge of Greek and Latin. At the same time, Stern began learning Arabic on his own. With the rise of Nazi Germany, in 1939 his mother sent Stern to safety in Mandatory Palestine. She remained behind, and would be killed during the Holocaust. In Palestine he enrolled in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he studied under a series of prominent teachers, including the Arabist David H. Baneth, the Semiticist Hans J. Polotsky, the philosopher Leon Roth, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tab, Hungary
Tab (german: Tabau) is a town in Somogy County, Hungary, and the seat of Tab District. It is situated approximately 175 km South West of Budapest and 22 km from Lake Balaton. History Tab was first mentions as ''villa Thob'' in an official document from 1211. In 1320 the settlement belonged to a church dedicated to Saint Peter. Between 1285 and 1386 it was in the hands of the ''Ugali'' family under the name ''Thob''. Their surname had been eternalized by the medieval village of ''Ugajpuszta'' which is now part of Tab. Later the settlement belonged to ''István Rozgonyi'', the ispán of Bakony and his wife, ''Cecília Szentgyörgyi'' between 1428 and 1435. In 1438 the Batthyány and ''Fajsz'' families owned it. Before the Turkish occupation it belonged to ''László Ewleweldi'' and ''Demeter Tharródy''. It was first attacked by the Turks in 1542, but it fell finally later between 1551 and 1553. Then Tab became part of the ''Nahiye of Törökkoppány''. Most of its reside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Roth (philosopher)
Hyam Leon Roth, FBA (31 March 1896 – 1 April 1963), commonly known as Leon Roth, was an English philosopher and historian of philosophy. Early life and education Born in London"Prof. Leon Roth", ''The Times'' (London), 5 April 1963, p. 18. to a Jewish merchant, his brother was the academic Cecil Roth. Roth attended the City of London School and then Exeter College, Oxford, where he read classics. His university studies were interrupted by service in the First World War. Returning to Oxford, he graduated in 1920 and was awarded the John Locke Scholarship. In 1921, he received the James Mew Hebrew Scholarship. In the meantime, he completed a doctorate at the University of Oxford; his DPhil was awarded in 1922 for his thesis "A Critical Discussion of the Sources of Spinoza, with Special Reference to Maimonides and Descartes". He was only the 13th person to receive the DPhil degree from Oxford. Career, scholarship and recognition In 1923, Roth was appointed to a lectureship i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muwashshah
''Muwashshah'' ( ar, موشح ' literally means "girdled" in Classical Arabic; plural ' or ' ) is the name for both an Arabic poetic form and a secular musical genre. The poetic form consists of a multi-lined strophic verse poem written in classical Arabic, usually consisting of five stanzas, alternating with a refrain with a running rhyme. It was customary to open with one or two lines which matched the second part of the poem in rhyme and meter; in North Africa poets ignore the strict rules of Arabic meter while the poets in the East follow them. The musical genre of the same name uses ''muwaššaḥ'' texts as lyrics, still in classical Arabic. This tradition can take two forms: the ''waṣla'' of Aleppo and the Andalusi ''nubah'' of the western part of the Arab world. History While the ''qasida'' and the ''maqama'' were adapted from the Mashreq, strophic poetry is the only form of Andalusi literature known to have its origins in the Iberian Peninsula. Andalusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strophe
A strophe () is a poetic term originally referring to the first part of the ode in Ancient Greek tragedy, followed by the antistrophe and epode. The term has been extended to also mean a structural division of a poem containing stanzas of varying line length. Strophic poetry is to be contrasted with poems composed line-by-line non-stanzaically, such as Greek epic poems or English blank verse, to which the term '' stichic'' applies. In its original Greek setting, "strophe, antistrophe and epode were a kind of stanza framed only for the music", as John Milton wrote in the preface to ''Samson Agonistes'', with the strophe chanted by a Greek chorus as it moved from right to left across the scene. Etymology Strophe (from Greek στροφή, "turn, bend, twist") is a concept in versification which properly means a turn, as from one foot to another, or from one side of a chorus to the other. Poetic structure In a more general sense, the strophe is a pair of stanzas of alternating form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula and a part of present-day southern France, Septimania (8th century). For nearly a hundred years, from the 9th century to the 10th, al-Andalus extended its presence from Fraxinetum into the Alps with a series of organized raids and chronic banditry. The name describes the different Arab and Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. These boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed,"Para los autores árabes medievales, el término Al-And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Catherine's College, Oxford
St Catherine's College (colloquially called St Catz or Catz) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford and is the newest college admitting both undergraduate and graduate students. Tracing its roots back to 1868 (although the college itself was opened in 1962), it has 528 undergraduate students, 385 graduate students and 37 visiting students as of December 2020, making it the largest college by undergraduate membership in the University of Oxford (Kellogg College, Oxford, a graduate-only college, has 1,137 students; St. Catherine's has 950). In 1974, it was also one of the first men's colleges to admit women. The college developed out of the university's Delegacy for Unattached Students, and was founded in 1962 by the historian Alan Bullock, who became the first master of the college, and later vice-chancellor of the university. The current master is Kersti Börjars, who took over the role in 2020 and is the college's first female master. History The college ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science. History The history of Oxford in England dates back to its original settlement in the Saxon period. Originally of strategic significance due to its controlling location on the upper reaches of the River Thames at its junction with the River Cherwell, the town grew in national importance during the early Norman period, and in the late 12th century became home to the fledgling University of Oxford. The city was besieged during The Anarchy in 1142. The university rose to domina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isma'ili
Isma'ilism ( ar, الإسماعيلية, al-ʾIsmāʿīlīyah) is a branch or sub-sect of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (imām) to Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the Twelver Shia, who accept Musa al-Kadhim, the younger brother of Isma'il, as the true Imām. Isma'ilism rose at one point to become the largest branch of Shia Islam, climaxing as a political power with the Fatimid Caliphate in the 10th through 12th centuries. Ismailis believe in the oneness of God, as well as the closing of divine revelation with Muhammad, whom they see as "the final Prophet and Messenger of God to all humanity". The Isma'ili and the Twelvers both accept the same six initial Imams; the Isma'ili accept Isma'il ibn Jafar as the seventh Imam. After the death of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismailism further transformed into the belief system as it is known tod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Kraus (Arabist)
Eliezer Paul Kraus, 11 December 1904 – 10 or 12 October 1944, was a Jewish Arabist born in Prague. He is the author of a number of seminal works on early Arabic philosophy, with a special focus on Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world, Arabic alchemy and chemistry. Some of his writings on this subject are still standard reference works in the field today. Having been educated in Prague and Berlin, Germany, Berlin (where he studied under Julius Ruska), the rise of the Nazis in 1930s Germany forced him to move first to Paris, France, Paris and later to Cairo, where he died in 1944. He allegedly committed suicide or, according to family claims, was politically assassinated.Leo Strauss and the Politics of Exile: The Making of a Political Philosopher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Sudan
Port Sudan ( ar, بور سودان, Būr Sūdān) is a port city in eastern Sudan, and the capital of the state of Red Sea. , it has 489,725 residents. Located on the Red Sea, Port Sudan is recognized as Sudan's main seaport and the source of 90% of the country's international trade. History Port Sudan was built between 1905 and 1909 by the administration of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to replace Suakin. An oil pipeline was built between the port and Khartoum in 1977. In 2009, Israel allegedly used naval commandos to attack Iranian arms ships at Port Sudan as part of Operation Birds of Prey. In 2020, Russian president Vladimir Putin announced that the Russian Navy would begin construction on a base with capacity for 300 personnel and four warships in Port Sudan. The facility would prove Russia with a naval base in the nation for at least 25 years. The plan was ultimately suspended, though Sudanese leadership indicated that it is possible for the construction to go forward in the fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon. In 762 CE, Baghdad was chosen as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, and became its most notable major development project. Within a short time, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Baghdad was the largest city in the world for much of the Abbasid era during the Islamic Golden Age, peaking at a population of more than a million. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
