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Russian Philatelic Forgeries
Russian stamps have been extensively forged. Both rare and common stamps have been forged and certain stamps, for instance those of the ''Army of the North'', are more common forged than genuine.Tyler, Varro E. ''Focus on Forgeries: A Guide to Forgeries of Common Stamps.'' 2nd ed. Sidney, Ohio: Linn's Stamp News & Amos Press, 2000, pp. 246–250. Types Forgeries of Russian stamps can be divided into the following categories: *Forgeries of a basic stamp. These are not so common. Examples include François Fournier's forgeries of the 3.50R and 7R high value stamps "without thunderbolts" and the Rostov famine issue of the early 1920s. Some issues of the Civil War have also been forged, such as the definitives issued by Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. *Forgeries of an overprint or surcharge on a common basic stamp. The Civil War period is particularly full of these. Overprinted stamps issued by the various "White" Armies have also been forged extensively. The stamps issued by the No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philatelic Fakes And Forgeries
In general, philatelic fakes and forgeries are labels that look like postage stamps but have been produced to deceive or defraud. Learning to identify these can be a challenging branch of philately. To a large extent the definitions below are consistent with those given in the introduction to various recent editions of the ''Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue''. "We use the term ''"forgery"'' to indicate stamps produced to defraud collectors (properly known as forgeries) and to defraud stamp-issuing governments (properly known as counterfeits). ''"Fake"'' is used to indicate the alteration of a genuine stamp to make it appear as something else. Fakes might refer to cancellations, overprints, added or clipped perforations, stamp design alterations, etc." While difficult to do today, one famous case is the Stock Exchange forgery of the late 19th century. Questions are often raised about when a stamp is legitimately produced for postage. Matthew Karanian has proposed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Fournier (stamp Forger)
François Fournier (24 April 1846 – 12 July 1917) Tyler, Varro E. ''Philatelic Forgers: Their Lives and Works.'' London: Robson Lowe Ltd., 1976, pp. 14-15. was a stamp forger who thought of himself as a creator of "art objects" Ragatz, Lowell., ed. ''The Fournier Album of Philatelic Forgeries: A Photographic Composite for Reference Purposes''. Worthington, Ohio: Janet van den Berg, 1970, introduction. and a friend of the little man. Fournier was born in Croix-de-Rozon, Switzerland, but became a French citizen and served in the army during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870/71. Facsimile business Fournier did not become involved with the philatelic business until later life. In about 1903 he returned to Switzerland and settled in Geneva, where in May 1904 he bought the stock of Louis-Henri Mercier, real name ''Henri Goegg'', who had gone bankrupt. It is at about this time that Fournier began his business producing facsimile stamps. The business grew rapidly, and from 1910 to 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp. 155–157. and developed in detail in 1893.Dooley 2004, p. A.187. They were patented in Germany in 1895 and in the United States in 1899. After the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the word ''zeppelin'' came to be commonly used to refer to all rigid airships. Zeppelins were first flown commercially in 1910 by Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG (DELAG), the world's first airline in revenue service. By mid-1914, DELAG had carried over 10,000 fare-paying passengers on over 1,500 flights. During World War I, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and as scouts, resulting in over 500 deaths in bombing raids in Britain. The defeat of Germany in 1918 temporarily slowed the airship business. Although DELAG establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zemstvo Stamp
A Zemstvo stamp was a Russian local stamp used widely in rural areas from 1865. It was named after the Zemstvo local administrative districts or uyezds that were created in 1864. The stamps ceased at about the time of the 1917 Russian revolution. Background The Russian post in the nineteenth century was a monopoly of the state through the Imperial Post. Most state post offices, however, were in towns, leaving many rural areas a long distance from the nearest post office. The (or Rural post) was introduced in 1864 to fill this gap and at first it operated without official approval.Edwards, Fred W''Rural Stamps of the Russian Empire''in ''Stamp Collectors' Fortnightly'', September 1910. In 1870 a law was passed formalising the arrangements and which stated that "The Rural post is authorised to carry ordinary correspondence, also journals, circulars, remittances, registered letters, and other mail from the post town, to all more or less distant portions of the district as may be depr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postage Stamps Of Batum Under British Occupation
Batumi (formerly Batum) is a city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. The city was under Russian rule at the beginning of World War I, but local unrest led to Turkey entering the city in April 1918, followed by the British in December, who stayed until July 1920. History During the British occupation, the stock of postage stamps started to run out, and so in February 1919 the administration produced its own stamps. These were imperforate, depicted an aloe tree and were inscribed ''БАТУМСКАЯ ПОЧТА'' (BATUMSKAYA POCHTA), or "Batum Post." The British later overprinted these with "BRITISH OCCUPATION", and surcharged the remaining Russian stamps in a variety of styles. Inflation also took hold, and by 1920, the tree stamps, which had been as little as 5 kopecks, had to be reprinted in denominations up to 50 rubles. Despite the short period of British rule, the tree stamps exist in large numbers, but the overpri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illegal Stamps
Illegal stamps are postage stamp–like labels issued in the names of existing independent countries or territories used to defraud postal administrations, stamp collectors, and the general public. Often, but not always, a member nation of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) will have asked the UPU to issue an "International Bureau Circular" advising others of the illegal stamps. According to the UPU, the market is estimated to be at least $500 million per year. Illegal stamps are to be distinguished from the many varieties of cinderella stamps which may have some of the same characteristics as illegal stamps but which are not usually issued in the name of an existing country, and from postal forgeries, the illegal counterfeiting of actual stamps. Identifying illegal stamps There is no definitive method to identifying illegal stamp issues. * Many illegal stamps are issued in the names of countries or territories from Africa or the former Soviet Union, or smaller island nations fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Stamp Forgers
Soon after their introduction in 1840 postage stamps started to be forged. The first book about the topic was written in 1862 by Jean-Baptiste Moens from Belgium ''De la falsifications des timbres-poste''. Shortly afterwards Edward Loines Pemberton published ''Forged Stamps: How to detect them'' and subsequently Robert Brisco Earée produced his legendary ''Album Weeds''. Today there is an extensive literature on the forgers and their work, and examples from the most accomplished forgers sometimes sell for more than the original stamp. Notorious and famous stamp forgers include: * The Spiro Brothers * Rainer Blüm * Clive Feigenbaum; ex-chairman of Stanley Gibbons * Sigmund Friedl * Georges Fouré * François Fournier * Madame Joseph * Louis-Henri Mercier (Henri Goegg) * Erasmo Oneglia * Angelo Panelli * Mendel ShapiroHaifa, Israel; the PATCO fraud; "The Israel Philatelist", July–August 1967, pp. 1942–5 * Lucian Smeets * Jean de Sperati * Raoul de Thuin * Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philatelic Expertisation
Philatelic expertisation is the process whereby an authority is asked to give an opinion whether a philatelic item is genuine and whether it has been repaired or altered in any way. Forging and faking, regumming and reperforating of stamps is common in the philatelic marketplace, and increasingly buyers demand an expert certificate before buying a valuable item. Some items are so often faked or altered that they may be almost unsaleable without a certificate. The process of expertisation Experts may be individuals or committees but they will all follow a similar process to determine whether an item is genuine. The opinions of experts differ and have evolved over time. Conflicting expert opinions, such as on colour shade or whether a stamp has been reperforated, can have a huge effect on a stamp's value.''A Sharp Eye on collecting US Classics'' (Sharp Photography Publications, 2021) ASIN B091MBTGJ7 (read online) Stamps Experts will attempt to determine whether a questioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postage Stamps And Postal History Of Russia
A Russian Empire postman. This a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the modern Russian Federation. Postal history Early history Records mention a system of messengers in the 10th century. Early letters were carried in the form of a roll, with a wax or lead seal; the earliest known of these seals dates from 1079, and mentions a governor Ratibor of Tmutarakan. The earliest surviving cover was sent in 1391 from La Tana (now Azov) to Venice. By the 16th century, the postal system included 1,600 locations, and mail took 3 days to travel from Moscow to Novgorod. In 1634, a peace treaty between Russia and Poland established a route to Warsaw, becoming Russia's first regular international service. Russian Empire Peter the Great enacted reforms making the postal system more uniform in its operations, and in 1714 the first general post offices opened in Saint Petersburg and Moscow. “Regular post-service” was esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rossica Society Of Russian Philately
The Rossica Society of Russian Philately (Общество русской филателии "Россика") is a society founded for the study and appreciation of the postage stamps and postal history of Russia. History The society was founded in 1929 in Yugoslavia by E. Arkhangelsky. Administration of the society is now based out of the United States. Membership Membership is open worldwide to all stamp collectors interested in Russian philately. Benefits of membership can be found on the Membership Page: http://www.rossica.org/membership.php ROSSICAPEX The philatelic exhibition ROSSICAPEX, sponsored by the society, took place 25–28 June 2009 at the Santa Clara Convention Center, in Santa Clara, California. ROSSICAPEX was held in conjunction with the ASDA Stamp Show at the same venue. ''Rossica Journal of Russian Philately'' The society publishes the ''Rossica Journal of Russian Philately'', which was originally published in Russian, and is now published in English. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
