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Russian Space Command
Space Command ( rus, Космическое командование) was the part of the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces responsible for military space-related activities. It was formed on 1 December 2011 when the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces were created as a merger of the Russian Space Forces with part of the Russian Air Force. Responsibilities of the command included missile attack warning, space surveillance and the control of military satellites. The use of the term Space Command may be influenced by the United States Space Command. Space Command was one of four components of the Aerospace Defence Forces, the others were Air and Missile Defence Command, Plesetsk Cosmodrome and the arsenal. Subsumed under Space Command were three centres with their associated stations. Main Trial Centre for Testing and Control of Space Means named after G.S. Titov One centre is the 153rd Main Trial Centre for Testing and Control of Space Means named after G.S. Titov. Located in Krasnozn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
The Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO) ( rus, Войска воздушно-космической обороны (ВВКО), Voyska vozdushno-kosmicheskoy oborony (VVKO)) was a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation responsible for aerospace defence, and the operation of Russian military satellites and the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. It was established on 1 December 2011 and replaced the Russian Space Forces. The Aerospace Defence Forces was first commanded by former Space Forces commander Colonel General Oleg Ostapenko, who was promoted to Deputy Minister of Defence in November 2012. In December 2012, Aleksandr Golovko was appointed the new commander. Although it is officially translated as aerospace in English, it covers both attacks from the air and from (outer) space, and some Russian writers translate it as "air and space" instead. On 1 August 2015, the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces were merged to form the Russian Aerospace Force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satellite Constellation
A satellite constellation is a group of artificial satellites working together as a system. Unlike a single satellite, a constellation can provide permanent global or near-global coverage, such that at any time everywhere on Earth at least one satellite is visible. Satellites are typically placed in sets of complementary orbital planes and connect to globally distributed ground stations. They may also use inter-satellite communication. Other satellite groups Satellite constellations should not be confused with: * ''satellite clusters'', which are groups of satellites moving very close together in almost identical orbits (see satellite formation flying); * '' satellite series'' or ''satellite programs'' (such as Landsat), which are generations of satellites launched in succession; * ''satellite fleets'', which are groups of satellites from the same manufacturer or operator that function independently from each other (not as a system). Overview Satellites in Medium Earth orbi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krona Space Object Recognition Station
Krona space object recognition station ( rus, Радиооптический комплекс распознавания космических объектов «Крона», Radiooptichesky Kompleks raspoznavaniya kosmicheskikh obektov "Krona") is a Russian military complex which is used to identify objects (artificial satellites) in outer space using telescopes and radar. It is part of the Centre for Outer Space Monitoring of the Russian Space Forces. The first Krona is near the village of Zelenchukskaya in Karachay-Cherkessia, North Caucasus. There is another under construction in the Russian Far East called Krona-N, near Nakhodka in Primorsky Krai. In 2007, the then commander of the Russian Space Forces Vladimir Popovkin said that the Nakhodka Krona would start in 2008, however there were no subsequent announcements. The Caucasian Krona consists of two complexes - an optical one located on Chapal mountain () above 2,000 metres and a radar installation 30 km away at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okno
Okno ( rus, Окно meaning window) is a Russian space surveillance station located in Nurak in Tajikistan. It is run by the Russian Space Forces and is part of the Centre for Outer Space Monitoring. It is located above sea level in the Sanglok mountains, an area with clear night skies. Another facility, Okno-S, is in the Russian Far East. The facility consists of a number of telescopes in domes and is similar to the US GEODSS system. It is designed for the detection and analysis of space objects such as satellites. The designers were awarded a Russian state prize for science and technology in 2004. History The Okno facility was started by the Soviet Union in 1979 using thousands of military unit No. 14464 "Construction Forces" draftees. All construction stopped in 1992 due to the civil war in Tajikistan and the centre started test operations in 1999 and combat duty in 2004. Ownership of the complex was transferred from Tajikistan to Russia in 2004 in return for the writing of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noginsk
Noginsk (russian: Ноги́нск) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Noginsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located east of the Moscow Ring Road on the Klyazma River. Population: History Founded in 1389 as Rogozhi, the town was later renamed Bogorodsk (lit. ''[a town] of the Theotokos, Mother of God'') by a Catherine the Great's decree in 1781, when it was granted town status. Throughout the 19th century and for a good part of the 20th century, the town was a major textile center, processing cotton, silk, and wool. In 1930, the town was renamed Noginsk after Bolsheviks, Bolshevik Viktor Nogin. Administrative and municipal status Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, Noginsk serves as the administrative center of Noginsky District.Resolution #123-PG As an administrative division, it is, together with five types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural localities, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Space Surveillance Centre
The 821st Main Centre for Reconnaissance of Situation in Space ( rus, Главный центр разведки космической обстановки, GTsRKO) is the headquarters of the Russian military's space surveillance network, SKKP. The centre is part of the Russian Space Forces and receives intelligence from a network of reporting stations which includes the Russian missile attack early warning network as well as some stations only used for space surveillance such as Okno and Krona. The purpose of the SKKP is to detect satellites, identify them and to discern their orbits. It maintains the Russian catalogue of space objects and provides data which could be used to support space launches, feed an anti-satellite programme and provide intelligence on hostile military satellites. It is the Russian equivalent of the United States Space Surveillance Network. History The centre is based in the military village of Noginsk-9 ( rus, Ногинск-9) about a kilometer to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkhash Radar Station
Balkhash Radar Station (also described as Sary Shagan radar node and Balkhash-9) is the site of two generations of Soviet and Russian early warning radars. It is located on the west coast of Lake Balkhash near Sary Shagan test site in Kazakhstan. Although it was used for monitoring satellites in low Earth orbit it was mainly a key part of the Russian system of warning against missile attack. It provided coverage of western and central China, India, Pakistan and submarine missile launches in the Bay of Bengal. There have been six radars at this site, the last one was removed from service on 1 June 2020, and it was run by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. The military town for the station is called Balkhash-9 ( rus, Балхаш-9). The station is east of the village of Gulshat in Karagandy Province and north east of Priozersk, the main town for Sary Shagan. Space surveillance Balkhash was founded as OS-2, a space surveillance site with four Dnestr ( NATO codename "Hen Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabala Radar Station
Gabala Radar Station (; ) in some sources Gabala is spelled ''Qabala'', other names are Lyaki, Mingacevir and Mingechaur was a Daryal-type (NATO Pechora) bistatic Passive electronically scanned array early warning radar, built by the Soviet Union in the Qabala district of the Azerbaijan SSR in 1985. It was operated by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and closed at the end of 2012. The radar station had a range of up to , and was designed to detect missile launches as far as the Indian Ocean. The radar's surveillance covered Iran, Turkey, India, Iraq and the entire Middle East. It could detect the launch of missiles and track the whole trajectory to enable a ballistic missile defense system to intercept an offensive strike. The Radar Station hosted about 1,000 Russian servicemen with about 500 Azerbaijanis. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation and Azerbaijan negotiated the terms of the lease and in 2002 the two countries signed an agreement acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solnechnogorsk
Solnechnogorsk (russian: Солнечного́рск, lit. ''sunny mountain town'') is a town and the administrative center of Solnechnogorsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Moscow–St. Petersburg Highway and the Moscow–St. Petersburg railway, on the coast of Senezh Lake, northwest from Moscow. Population: It was previously known as ''Solnechnaya Gora'' (until 1938). History Originally a village named Solnechnaya Gora (), it was granted town status and renamed Solnechnogorsk in 1938. During World War II, Solnechnogorsk was briefly occupied by the German 4th Panzer Group from November 24 to December 12, 1941. It was one of the towns that was captured in the northern pincer of the attempted German encirclement of Moscow. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Solnechnogorsk serves as the administrative center of Solnechnogorsky District.Resolution #123-PG As an administrative division, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Centre For Missile Attack Warning
The 820th Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning ( rus, Главный центр предупреждения о ракетном нападении (Гцпрн), GTsPRN) is the Russian early warning network against ballistic missile attack. It has headquarters in the village of Timonovo near Solnechnogorsk outside Moscow and is part of the Russian Space Forces. The centre consists of a network of early warning radar stations which transmit their data to the control centre near Solnechnogorsk. Other information comes from the early warning Oko and EKS satellites as well as the Don-2N missile defence radar. Information from the centre could be used for a launch on warning nuclear missile attack or to engage the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system. The Main Centre The centre is the control centre for the radar network. Here signals from every station are received and, if necessary, a message can be sent to the presidential 'nuclear briefcase' for authorisation to use nuclear we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Oblast
Krasnoznamensk (russian: Краснозна́менск) is a closed town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: It was previously known as ''Golitsyno-2'' (until 1994). History It was granted town status in 1981. It was known until 1994 as Golitsyno-2 (). Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the closed administrative-territorial formation of Krasnoznamensk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Law #11/2013-OZ As a municipal division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Krasnoznamensk is incorporated as Krasnoznamensk Urban Okrug.Law #205/2004-OZ Military The town hosts a reserve mission control center and a primary mission control center for military satellites, the Titov Main Test and Space Systems Control Center (compare the United States' Joint Functional Component Command for Space and Global Strike), which is reflected in its coat of arms. Notable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Space Forces
The Russian Space Forces ( rus, Космические войска России, Kosmicheskie voyska Rossii, KV) are a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces, that provides aerospace warning, air and space sovereignty, and other related protection for Russia. Having been reestablished following August 1, 2015 merger between the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces after the independent arm of service was dissolved in 2011. The Russian Space Forces were originally formed on August 10, 1992, alongside the creation of the Russian Armed Forces. The organization shared control of the Baikonur Cosmodrome with Roscosmos, the Federal Space Agency. It also operated the Plesetsk and the Svobodny Cosmodromes. However the Russian Space Forces were dissolved in July 1997 and incorporated into the Strategic Missile Forces. The Russian Space Forces were once again reformed as an independent troop on June 1, 2001, under a military reorganization. However, by December 2011 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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