Ruen Icefall
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Ruen Icefall
The Ruen Icefall ( bg, ледопад Руен, ledopad Ruen, ) on Rozhen Peninsula in eastern Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica is situated south of Huntress Glacier, northwest of Prespa Glacier and northeast of Peshtera and Charity Glaciers. It descends towards False Bay from the circus overlooked by Simeon Peak, St. Cyril Peak and St. Methodius Peak in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains. Ruen is the summit of Osogovo Mountain in south-western Bulgaria. Location The icefall is centered at , which is 2 km north-northwest of St. Methodius Peak, 3.43 km east-northeast of Ogosta Point, and 4.39 km southeast of Napier Peak on Hurd Peninsula (UK Directorate of Overseas Surveys mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1991 and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009). Maps * L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005. * L.L. IvanovA ...
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Simeon Peak
Simeon Peak ( bg, връх Симеон, vrah Simeon, ) rises to 1,580 mD. Boyanov and N. PetkovThe Peaks of Tangra Mountains: Project Report Part Two 2016/17.Sofia, February 2017 (in Bulgarian) in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak is heavily glaciated, connected to St. Boris Peak to the northeast by Paril Saddle, and surmounts Huntress Glacier to the northwest, Ruen Icefall to the southwest, and Macy Glacier to the east. It was first ascended and GPS-surveyed by the Bulgarian climbers D. Boyanov, N. Petkov and N. Hazarbasanov from Nesebar Gap via the head of Huntress Glacier, Academia Peak, St. Boris Peak and Paril Saddle on 15 January 2017. The peak is named after Czar Simeon the Great of Bulgaria, 893-927 AD. Location The peak is located at , which is 2.48 km south-southwest of Mount Friesland, 1.85 km south-southwest of St. Boris Peak and 1.69 km north of St. C ...
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Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
The Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (CGA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is the authoritative international gazetteer containing all Antarctic toponyms published in national gazetteers, plus basic information about those names and the relevant geographical features. The Gazetteer includes also parts of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) gazetteer for under-sea features situated south of 60° south latitude. , the overall content of the CGA amounts to 37,893 geographic names for 19,803 features including some 500 features with two or more entirely different names, contributed by the following sources: {, class="wikitable sortable" ! Country ! Names , - , United States , 13,192 , - , United Kingdom , 5,040 , - , Russia , 4,808 , - , New Zealand , 2,597 , - , Australia , 2,551 , - , Argentina , 2,545 , - , Chile , 1,866 , - , Norway , 1,706 , - , Bulgaria , 1,450 , - , G ...
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Directorate Of Overseas Surveys
The Ordnance Survey International or Ordnance Survey Overseas Directorate its predecessors built an archive of air photography, map and survey records for the United Kingdom from 1946 to 1999. The Ordnance Survey International Collection (formerly the Ordnance Survey International Library) held mapping records that were acquired outside the UK. Although the international division opened in 1946, the OS had been involved in overseas work for almost a century (notably the 1864-65 Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem). The agency was closed in 2001. History The agency In 1946 the ''Directorate of Colonial Surveys'' (DCS) was established by the Colonial Office to provide a central survey and mapping organisation for British colonies and protectorates. In 1957, with the imminent decolonisation of many British territories, it was renamed the ''Directorate of Overseas Surveys'' (DOS). Government reviews during the 1970s led to it being merging into the Ordnance Survey (OS) in 1984 whence it was ...
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Hurd Peninsula
Hurd Peninsula lies between South Bay and False Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The Spanish Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base and the Bulgarian St. Kliment Ohridski Base are situated on its west coast. The peninsula was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Thomas Hurd, Royal Navy, the second Hydrographer to the British Admiralty, 1808–23, who instituted a regular system of nautical surveys, and under whose authority Lieutenant Edward Bransfield's 1820 survey of the Bransfield Strait area was published in November 1822. Location The midpoint of the peninsula is located at (Detailed Spanish mapping in 1991, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009). Maps Chart of South Shetland including Coronation Island, &c.from the exploration of the sloop Dove in the years 1821 and 1822 by George Powell Commander of the same. Scale ca. 1:200000. London: Laurie, 1822. South Shetland Islands.Scale 1:200000 topographic m ...
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Napier Peak
Napier Peak is the partly ice-free peak rising to 380 m on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is linked to Charrúa Gap to the north by a 1.5 km ice-covered col, and by an ice-covered saddle to Mirador Hill to the south-southwest, and surmounts Johnsons Glacier to the northwest and west, Huntress Glacier to the east, and False Bay to the south. The feature is named after Captain William Napier, Master of the schooner ''Venus'', from New York, who visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21. Location The peak is located at which is 2.05 km southeast of Charrúa Ridge, 3.21 km southwest of Willan Nunatak, 6.79 km northwest of St. Cyril Peak and 2.2 km north-northeast of Moores Peak (Spanish mapping in 1991, and Bulgarian in 1996, 2005 and 2009). Maps Isla Livingston: Península Hurd.Mapa topográfico de escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991. (Map reproduced on p. 16 of the ...
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Ogosta Point
Ogosta Point (Nos Ogosta \'nos o-'gos-ta\) is located in the central part of Zagore Beach on the east coast of False Bay, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Situated on Rozhen Peninsula 5.35 km north of Barnard Point, 4.4 km west of St. Methodius Peak and 3.45 km east of Castro Peak. The point is named after the Ogosta River in Bulgaria. Location The point is located at . Maps South Shetland Islands.Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 60. Tolworth, UK, 1968. * Islas Livingston y Decepción. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:100000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991. * S. Soccol, D. Gildea and J. BathLivingston Island, Antarctica.Scale 1:100000 satellite map. The Omega Foundation, USA, 2004. * L.L. Ivanov et al., :Image:Livingston-Greenwich-map.jpg, Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution), 1:1 ...
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Osogovo
Osogovo (Bulgarian/ Macedonian: ), or Osogovska Planina or Osogovski Planini (Осоговска Планина or Осоговски Планини), is a mountain range and ski resort between the south-western part of Bulgaria (Kyustendil Province) and the north-eastern part of North Macedonia (Kočani and Kriva Palanka municipalities). Osogovo Monastery is situated on the mountain. Description The range is about long and wide, the highest peak being Ruen (Руен) at 2251 m, which constitutes the main orthographic knot on the very border between Bulgaria and North Macedonia. The steepest slope is in the west, stretching down from Carev Vrv (Царев Врв; "Tsar's Peak"). It is the northernmost and highest part of the Osogovo-Belasica group and is situated between the Kyustendil and Kamenitsa Valleys, Dobro pole and Bregalnica and Kriva Reka river valleys. The western slopes are steep and the south-eastern ones are slant. The mountain itself is a granite massif of crysta ...
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Tangra Mountains
Tangra Mountains (in Bulgarian ''Тангра планина'', 'Tangra planina' \'tan-gra pla-ni-'na\) () form the principal mountain range of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The range had been nameless until 2001, when it was named after Tangra, "the name of the ancient Bulgarian god."Tangra Mountains.
Composite Antarctic Gazetteer. Tangra Mountains are long between

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Friesland Ridge
Friesland Ridge (Hrebet Frisland \'hre-bet 'fris-land\) is a ridge on Livingston Island in the South Shetlands, part of the Tangra Mountains. The summit, Mount Friesland, which rises to , is the northwesternmost of the ridge's six main peaks. Its elevation was estimated at by a 1995/96 Bulgarian survey; the present figure was produced by a 2003 Australian GPS survey,Expedition Omega Livingston 2003.
The Omega Foundation, USA, 2003.
and closely matched (as ) by the Bulgarian survey . The local ice relief is subject to changes, causing variations in the mountain peaks’ elevation. According to a Bulgarian GPS survey by D. Boyanov a ...
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False Bay
False Bay (Afrikaans ''Valsbaai'') is a body of water in the Atlantic Ocean between the mountainous Cape Peninsula and the Hottentots Holland Mountains in the extreme south-west of South Africa. The mouth of the bay faces south and is demarcated by Cape Point to the west and Cape Hangklip to the east. The north side of the bay is the low-lying Cape Flats, and the east side is the foot of the Hottentots Holland Mountains to Cape Hangklip which is at nearly the same latitude as Cape Point. In plan the bay is approximately square, being roughly the same extent from north to south as east to west, with the southern side open to the ocean. The seabed slopes gradually down from north to south, and is mostly fairly flat unconsolidated sediments. Much of the bay is off the coast of the City of Cape Town, and it includes part of the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area and the whole of the Helderberg Marine Protected Area. The name "False Bay" was applied at least three hu ...
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