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Rice Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of rice (''Oryza sativa''). Diseases have historically been one of the major causes of rice shortages. p.434 Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Viruses *'' Rice black-streaked dwarf virus'' *'' Rice bunchy stunt virus'' *''Rice dwarf virus'' *'' Rice gall dwarf virus'' *'' Rice giallume virus'' *'' Rice grassy stunt virus'' *''Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus'' *'' Rice necrosis mosaic virus'' *''Rice ragged stunt virus'' *'' Rice stripe necrosis virus'' *'' Rice stripe tenuivirus'' *'' Rice transitory yellowing virus'' *''Rice tungro bacilliform virus'' - see Tungro below *''Rice tungro spherical virus'' - see Tungro below *''Rice yellow mottle virus'' Miscellaneous diseases and disorders See also * List of rice varieties References {{reflist, 30em, refs= {{cite web , title=bacterial leaf blight of rice, ''Xanthomonas oryzae'' pv. ''oryzae'' Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae , website=Invasive.Org , url=http://www.invasive.org/browse/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima ''Oryza glaberrima'', commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa around 3,000 years ago. In agriculture, it has largely been replaced by higher-yielding Asian r ...'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera ''Zizania (genus), Zizania'' and ''Porteresia'', both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of ''Oryza''. As a cereal, cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's World population, human population,Abstract, "Rice feeds more than half the world's population." especially in Asia and Africa. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. Since sizable portions of sugarcane and ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaeumannomyces Graminis
''Gaeumannomyces graminis'' var. ''graminis'' is a plant pathogen. This fungal pathogen produces extensive damage on the sheath of rice, causing black spots which protrude from the infected. This pathogen also generates a discoloration in the foliage of a plant which tends to show a straw orange colouration. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Further reading * Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rice diseases Magnaporthales {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium
''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The main toxins produced by these ''Fusarium'' species are fumonisins and trichothecenes. Despite most species apparently being harmless (some existing on the skin as commensal members of the skin flora), some ''Fusarium'' species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals. The name of ''Fusarium'' comes from Latin ''fusus'', meaning a spindle. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the genus is complex. A number of different schemes have been used, and up to 1,000 species have been identified at times, with approaches varying between wide and narrow concepts of speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curvularia
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in temperate zones. ''Curvularia'' is defined by the type species ''C. lunata'' (Wakker) Boedijn. ''Curvularia lunata'' appears as shiny velvety-black, fluffy growth (on the fungus colony surface). These fluffy 'hairs', which really are branching, fine filamentous structures called hyphae, are divided inside by cell walls named septae (-> the hyphae are 'septate'). The walls of these hyphae contain dark pigments, which makes for their black appearance and which is called 'dematiaceous'. The hyphae produce brown spore bearing organs, 'conidiophores', which are distinguished by their 'geniculate'shape, meaning they have bends of abrupt kneelike angles. The immobile, asexual fungal spores born on those conidiophores, the conidia, poroconi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaerulina Oryzina
''Sphaerulina oryzina'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting rice. Propiconazole is an effective fungicide Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality, ... recommended for use in rice culture. References External links * * * * Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rice diseases oryzina Fungi described in 1918 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercospora Oryzae
''Sphaerulina oryzina'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting rice. Propiconazole is an effective fungicide Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality, ... recommended for use in rice culture. References External links * * * * Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rice diseases oryzina Fungi described in 1918 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercospora Janseana
''Sphaerulina oryzina'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting rice. Propiconazole is an effective fungicide Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality, ... recommended for use in rice culture. References External links * * * * Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rice diseases oryzina Fungi described in 1918 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchosporium Oryzae
''Monographella albescens'' is a fungal plant pathogen also known as leaf scald which infects rice. Transmission Conidia are transferred by water splash. Host resistance Lines of rice that are resistant against ''M. albescens'' are available. Most resistance breeding has been in field trials in countries where the disease is already widespread. Even in "resistant" strains, however, there is some noticeable lesioning but little to no loss of yield. The mechanism of resistance remains unknown. There is wide variation in pathogen strain-host strain pathogenicity. Rice plants fed increased silicon showed increased resistance to ''M. albescens''. Surprisingly this is not - or not entirely - due to its structural role but also due to increased production of various compounds and enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microdochium Oryzae
''Monographella albescens'' is a fungal plant pathogen also known as leaf scald which infects rice. Transmission Conidia are transferred by water splash. Host resistance Lines of rice that are resistant against ''M. albescens'' are available. Most resistance breeding has been in field trials in countries where the disease is already widespread. Even in "resistant" strains, however, there is some noticeable lesioning but little to no loss of yield. The mechanism of resistance remains unknown. There is wide variation in pathogen strain-host strain pathogenicity. Rice plants fed increased silicon showed increased resistance to ''M. albescens''. Surprisingly this is not - or not entirely - due to its structural role but also due to increased production of various compounds and enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entyloma Oryzae
''Eballistra oryzae'' is a plant pathogen of rice also known as leaf smut. Resistant hosts Some rice cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...s are resistant against leaf smut. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Ustilaginomycotina Fungi described in 1914 Taxa named by Hans Sydow Taxa named by Paul Sydow {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neovossia Horrida
''Tilletia horrida'', rice kernel smut, caryopsis smut, black smut, or grain smut, is a fungal rice disease believed to only affect the ''Oryza'' genus.p.125, "Under natural conditions, ''T. horrida'' has been reported only from rice (''Oryza'' L.), but erroneous reports in the literature have led to considerable confusion over its host range and biology."p.126, "In tests of 32 species of grasses, ''T. horrida'' infected only rice and, surprisingly, the wheat relative ''Aegilops sharonensis'' (106). Whitney (143) showed in other tests that ''T. horrida'' infected rice, but not ''Pennisetum'', and that seedling inoculations did not result in infection." It presents as a partial bunt.p.117, " Rice kernel smut, also known as caryopsis smut, black smut, or grain smut (11), is caused by the pathogen ''T. horrida'' (Figure 5), which ... causes a partial bunt that affects both yield and quality." Taxonomy ''T. horrida'' has had a chaotic taxonomic history. It has been reclassified within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Barclayana
Tilletia barclayana is a plant pathogen that infects rice, signalgrass, pearl millet, and crabgrass. The pathogen corrupts the crops it infects, causing black busts to appear on the crops, which then become discolored and smutted. History Tilletia barclayana can live up to 2 years or more while in a host, and is found largely worldwide. Although the origin of the pathogen is unknown, it was first reported in the 1980s. Impact Tilletia barclayana spreads between nearby plants, leading to an increased loss. Due to this impact scientists are attempting to make these crops more resistant to the pathogen. As of now, the main method of controlling the pathogen is by pulling the infected crops directly from the ground. Control Out of salicylic acid and plant extracts of ''Ammi visnaga'', ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'', '' Artemisia judaica'', '' Mentha viridis'', ''Syzygium aromaticum'' and ''Eucalyptus globulus ''Eucalyptus globulus'', commonly known as southern blue gum or blue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
