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Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)
The Revolutionary Left Movement ( es, Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, MIR) is a Chilean far-left Marxist-Leninist communist party and former urban guerrilla organization founded on 12 October 1965. At its height in 1973, the MIR numbered about 10,000 members and associates. The group emerged from various student organizations, mainly from University of Concepción (led by Miguel Enríquez), that had originally been active in the youth organization of the Socialist Party. They established a base of support among the trade unions and shantytowns of Concepción, Santiago, and other cities. Andrés Pascal Allende, a nephew of Salvador Allende, president of Chile from 1970 to 1973, was one of its early leaders. Miguel Enríquez Espinosa was the General Secretary of the party from 1967 until his assassination in 1974 by the DINA. Although it was involved in military actions, particularly during the Resistance to the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the MIR rejected assassination as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Enríquez (politician)
Miguel Humberto Enríquez Espinosa (; March 27, 1944 – October 5, 1974) was a physician and a founder of the Chilean Marxism-Leninism, Marxist-Leninist Urban guerrilla warfare, urban guerrilla Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile), Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), founded in 1965. He was General Secretary of the MIR between 1967 and his death in 1974. After the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, September 11, 1973 coup Enriquez led the political-military resistance of MIR against the Chile under Pinochet, newly established dictatorship. After a year of Enríquez operating clandestinely, Pinochet's secret police, the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional, DINA, discovered his safe-house in the working class district of San Miguel in Santiago de Chile, Santiago. On October 5, 1974 his house was surrounded by DINA agents backed by heavily armed security forces personnel with an armored personnel carrier and a helicopter. He was wounded in the beginning of the assault covering the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution ( es, Revolución Cubana) was carried out after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état which placed Fulgencio Batista as head of state and the failed mass strike in opposition that followed. After failing to contest Batista in court, Fidel Castro organized an armed attack on the Cuban military's Moncada Barracks. The rebels were arrested and while in prison formed the 26th of July Movement. After gaining amnesty the M-26-7 rebels organized an expedition from Mexico on the Granma yacht to invade Cuba. In the following years the M-26-7 rebel army would slowly defeat the Cuban army in the countryside, while its urban wing would engage in sabotage and rebel army recruitment. Over time the originally critical and ambivalent Popular Socialist Party would come to support the 26th of July Movement in late 1958. By the time the rebels were to oust Batista the revolution was being driven by the Popular Socialist Party, 26th of July Movement, and the Directorio Revoluci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The term "Warsaw Pact" commonly refers to both the treaty itself and its resultant defensive alliance, the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)"In reaction to West Germany's NATO accession, the Soviet Union and its Eastern European client states formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955." Citation from: in 1955 as per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954.The Warsaw Pact R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Czechoslovakia
The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia refers to the events of 20–21 August 1968, when the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria and the Hungarian People's Republic. The invasion stopped Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring liberalisation reforms and strengthened the authoritarian wing of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). About 250,000 Warsaw Pact troops (afterwards rising to about 500,000), supported by thousands of tanks and hundreds of aircraft, participated in the overnight operation, which was code-named Operation Danube. The Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance if German troops were inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Soviet Split
The Sino-Soviet split was the breaking of political relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union caused by doctrinal divergences that arose from their different interpretations and practical applications of Marxism–Leninism, as influenced by their respective geopolitics during the Cold War of 1947–1991. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Sino-Soviet debates about the interpretation of orthodox Marxism became specific disputes about the Soviet Union's policies of national de-Stalinization and international peaceful coexistence with the Western Bloc, which Chinese founding father Mao Zedong decried as revisionism. Against that ideological background, China took a belligerent stance towards the Western world, and publicly rejected the Soviet Union's policy of peaceful coexistence between the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc. In addition, Beijing resented the Soviet Union's growing ties with India due to factors such as the Sino-Indian border dispute, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmundo Pérez Zujovic
Edmundo Pérez Zujovic (May 11, 1912 - June 8, 1971) was a Chilean businessman and politician, militant of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). He served as Minister of State during the government of president Eduardo Frei Montalva, in the administration he led the Public Works and Interior portfolios. In 1969 he was accused by the left-wing opposition of being the main person responsible for the Puerto Montt massacre – the death of eleven residents at the hands of Carabineros de Chile during an eviction procedure for an illegal land occupation. On June 8, 1971, during the government of socialist president Salvador Allende, he was assassinated by the far-left armed group Vanguardia Organizada del Pueblo (VOP) in retaliation for that massacre. Early years Edmundo Pérez Zujovic was born in the Chilean city of Antofagasta on May 11, 1912, son of Servando Pérez and Ángela Zujovic. He completed his secondary studies at the San Luis school in that city. At the age of eighteen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmundo Perez Zujovic
Edmundo is a common name that is used by many individuals including: * Edmundo Alves de Souza Neto, former Brazilian football player * Edmundo Farolan, Filipino writer * Edmundo Ros, Trinidadian musician * Edmundo Rivero, Argentine singer * Edmundo Jarquín, Nicaraguan politician * Edmundo Pisano (1919–1997), Chilean botanist and geographer * Edmundo O'Gorman, Irish-Mexican writer and historian * Edmundo Zura Edmundo Salomón Zura de Jesús (born 12 January 1983 in Pimampiro, Imbabura), is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays for El Nacional. Zura is a centre forward who is known for his superb heading, powerful shooting and ruthless fi ..., Ecuadoran football player {{given name Spanish masculine given names Portuguese masculine given names es:Edmundo Alves de Souza Neto pt:Edmundo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcello Ferrada De Noli
Marcello Ferrada de Noli (born 25 July 1943) is a Swedish professor emeritus''Dagens Nyheter'', Stockholm, published 17 July 2008 a biographical article authored by DN journalist Per Mortensen, on occasion of De Noli's 65th birthday. In a description of his academic background, the publication added: "Professor emeritus of public-health and invited professor of international health at Gävle; ''medicine doktor'' at Karolinska Institute, where he also chairs a research group in international and cross-cultural injury epidemiology. Research-educated in social medicine at Harvard Medical School." (Swedish, original: "Professor emeritus i folkhälsovetenskap, gästprofessor i internationell hälsa i Gävle, medicine doktor i psykiatri vid Karolinska institutet, där han också leder en forskargrupp i internationell och transkulturell skadeepidemiologi. Forkskarutbildad vid Harvard Medical School i socialmedicin./ref> of epidemiology, and ''medicine doktor'' in psychiatry (Ph.D. Karolins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Chilean Coup D'etat
Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam. * January 17 – Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines. * January 20 – Richard Nixon is Second inauguration of Richard Nixon, sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. Nixon is the only person to have been sworn in twice as President (First inauguration of Richard Nixon, 1969, Second inauguration of Richard Nixon, 1973) and Vice President of the United States (First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953, Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1957). * January 22 ** George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the heavyweight world boxing championship. ** A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirección De Inteligencia Nacional
The Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional ( en, National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the secret police of Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The DINA has been referred to as "Pinochet's Gestapo". Established in November 1973 as a Chilean Army intelligence unit headed by Colonel Manuel Contreras and vice-director Raúl Iturriaga, the DINA was then separated from the army and made an independent administrative unit in June 1974 under the auspices of Decree 521. The DINA existed until 1977, after which it was renamed the ''Central Nacional de Informaciones'' ( en, National Information Center) or CNI. In 2008, the Chilean Army presented a list of 1,097 DINA agents to Judge Alejandro Solís. DINA internal suppression and human rights violations Under decree #521, the DINA had the power to detain any individual so long as there was a declared state of emergency. Such an administrative state characterized nearly the entire length of the Pinochet government. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Enríquez Espinosa
--> Miguel is a given name and surname, the Portuguese and Spanish form of the Hebrew name Michael. It may refer to: Places * Pedro Miguel, a parish in the municipality of Horta and the island of Faial in the Azores Islands * São Miguel (other), various locations in Azores, Portugal, Brazil and Cape Verde People * Miguel (surname) Arts, entertainment, and media *Miguel (singer) (born 1985), Miguel Jontel Pimentel, American recording artist * Miguel Bosé (born 1956), Spanish pop new wave musician and actor * Miguel Calderón (born 1971), artist and writer *Miguel Cancel (born 1968), former American singer *Miguel Córcega (1929–2008), Mexican actor and director *Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), Spanish author *Miguel Delibes (1920–2010), Spanish novelist *Miguel Ferrer (1955–2017), American actor * Miguel Galván (1957–2008), Mexican actor *Miguel Gómez (photographer) (born 1974), Colombian / American photographer. *Miguel Ángel Landa (born 1936), Venezu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
