Reticulofilosa

	Reticulofilosa Reticulofilosa is a grouping of Rhizaria. It includes Chlorarachnea ('' Chlorarachnion, Bigelowiella, Lotharella The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of exclusively marine algae widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters. They are typically mixotrophic, ingesting bacteria and smaller protists as well as conducting photosynthesis. Normally the ..., Cryptochlora, Gymnochlora'') and Proteomyxidea ('' Pseudospora, Leucodictyon, Reticulamoeba, Massisteria, Dimorpha, Gymnophrys, Borkovia''). References Filosa Superclasses (biology) {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Filosa Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eukaryotic group to be recognized mainly through molecular phylogenies. They are the natural predators of many species of microbacteria and Archea. They are closely related to the phylum Retaria, comprising amoeboids that usually have complex shells, and together form a supergroup called Rhizaria. Characteristics The group includes most amoeboids and flagellates that feed by means of filose pseudopods. These may be restricted to part of the cell surface, but there is never a true cytostome or mouth as found in many other protozoa. They show a variety of forms and have proven difficult to define in terms of structural characteristics, although their unity is strongly supported by phylogenetic studies. Diversity Some cercozoans are grouped by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Spongomonadea The spongomonads are a group of flagellated protist A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exc ...s in the phylum Cercozoa. Taxonomically, they compose the family Sarcomonadidae and order Sarcomonadida. They were originally placed among the Reticulofilosa, but were later transferred to Monadofilosa. It includes only two genera: '' Spongomonas'' '' Rhipidodendron'' References Filosa SAR supergroup unranked clades {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rhizaria The Rhizaria are an ill-defined but species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes. Except for the Chlorarachniophytes and three species in the genus Paulinella in the phylum Cercozoa, they are all non-photosynthethic, but many foraminifera and radiolaria have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae. A multicellular form, ''Guttulinopsis vulgaris'', a cellular slime mold, has also been described. This group was used by Cavalier-Smith in 2002, although the term "Rhizaria" had been long used for clades within the currently recognized taxon. Being described mainly from rDNA sequences, they vary considerably in form, having no clear morphological distinctive characters (synapomorphies), but for the most part they are amoeboids with filose, reticulose, or microtubule-supported pseudopods. In the absence of an apomorphy, the group is ill-defined, and its composition has been very fluid. Some Rhizaria possess mineral exoskeleton (thecae or loricas), which is in differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Leucodictyon ''Leucodictyon'' is a genus of cercozoa Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eu .... It includes the species ''Leucodictyon marinum''. References Cercozoa genera {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Borkovia ''Borkovia'' is a genus of Cercozoa Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eu .... References Cercozoa genera Filosa {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gymnophrys Gymnophryidae is a small family of amoeboids that lack shells and produce thin, reticulose pseudopods. These contain microtubules and have a granular appearance, owing to the presence of extrusomes, but are distinct from the pseudopods of Foraminifera. They are included among the Cercozoa (along with ''Lecythium''), but differ from other cercozoans in having mitochondria with flat cristae, rather than tubular cristae. ''Gymnophrys cometa'', found in freshwater and soil, is representative of the group. The cell body is under 10 μm in size, and has a pair of reduced flagella, which are smooth and insert parallel to one another. It may also produce motile zoospores and cysts. '' Gymnophrys'' and '' Borkovia'' are the only confirmed genera, but other naked reticulose amoebae such as '' Biomyxa'' may be close relatives. Taxonomy * Family Gymnophryidae Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 1996 Genus '' Gymnophrys'' Cienkowski 1876 * Species ''Gymnophrys cometa Gymnophryidae is a small fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Massisteria ''Massisteria'' is a genus of Cercozoa. They are naked protist A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exc ...s with a central cell body from which several delicately thin and stiff pseudopodia extend, each one bearing a small number of granules. Their pseudopodia remain adhered to the substrate, as is typical among leucodictyids. The cell body has two flagella that, during feeding, are held in place. Taxonomy The genus has two described species: '' Massisteria marina'' '' Massisteria voersi'' References Sarcomonadea Cercozoa genera {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Reticulamoeba ''Reticulamoeba'' is a genus of Rhizaria. It is a relatively large unicellular protist and is commonly known for its thin reticulopodia radiating outwards from the cell (Bass et al., 2012). ''Reticulamoeba'' are strictly benthic protists that use their reticulopodia for feeding. They have a close association with benthic diatoms as their main source of food (Bass et al., 2012). There are only two ''Reticulamoeba'' species described to date and the protozoologist Karl Grell discovered both of them (Bass et al., 2012). History The genus ''Reticulamoeba'' was described in 1994 by the protozoologist Karl Grell based on the species R. gemmipara and not until a year later a second species R. minor was discovered (Bass et al., 2012). The two species form a clade within the cercozoan class Granofilosea (Bass et al., 2012). Within this clade, ''Reticulamoeba'' present phylogenetic similarities with the genus Mesofila (Bass et al., 2012). Habitat and ecology ''Reticulamoeba'' is comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Vampyrella Lateritia ''Vampyrella lateritia'' is a freshwater species of predatory amoebae that feeds on species of algae and is known for its specialized feeding strategy of removing, digesting, and ingesting the cellular contents of its prey. It is the type species of the genus ''Vampyrella'' and has been identified in numerous locations around the world including Brazil, Germany, and the eastern United States. Along with ''Vampyrella pendula'', its genome was sequenced in 2012. Life cycle ''Vampyrella lateritia'' has four life stages that revolve about the feeding cycle: motile trophozoites (the activated, feeding stage), plasmodia in which the cytoplasm contains many nuclei, digestive cysts, and resting cysts. It has been observed feeding on species from the genera '' Zygnema'', ''Spirogyra'', and '' Mougeotia'' and is considered a specialist predator as its known prey is restricted to a limited number of green algal species. Like other vampyrellids, ''Vampyrella lateritia'' grows well bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pseudospora ''Pseudospora'' is a genus of parasitic cercozoans. It includes the species ''Pseudospora volvocis''. Taxonomy * Order Pseudosporida Hibberd 1983 sensu Cavalier-Smith 1993 Family Pseudosporidae Kent 1880 emend. Berlese 1888 * Genus ''Pseudospora'' Cienkowski 1865 non Schiffner 1931 ** Species '' P. aculeata'' Zopf 1884 Species '' P. bacillariacearum'' Zopf 'Pseudosporopsis bacillariacearum'' (Zopf) Scherff. 1925 Species '' P. benedeni'' De Bruyne 1889 Species '' P. edax'' De Bruyne 1889 Species '' P. eudorini'' Roskin 1927 Species '' P. cienkowskiana'' Sorokin 1877 Species '' P. leptoderma'' Scherff. 1925 Species '' P. lindstedtii'' Hartog 1890 Species '' P. maligna'' Zopf 1884 Species '' P. maxima'' Sorokin 1877 Species '' P. myzocytioides'' Scherff. 1925 Species '' P. nitellarum'' Cienkowski Species '' P. parasitica'' (Cienkowski 1858) 'Monas parasitica'' Cienkowski 1858 Species '' P. perforans'' Spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Chlorarachnea The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of exclusively marine algae widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters. They are typically mixotrophic, ingesting bacteria and smaller protists as well as conducting photosynthesis. Normally they have the form of small amoebae, with branching cytoplasmic extensions that capture prey and connect the cells together, forming a net. They may also form flagellate zoospores, which characteristically have a single subapical flagellum that spirals backwards around the cell body, and walled coccoid cells. The chloroplasts were presumably acquired by ingesting some green alga. They are surrounded by four membranes, the outermost of which is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, and contain a small nucleomorph between the middle two, which is a remnant of the alga's nucleus. This contains a small amount of DNA and divides without forming a mitotic spindle. The origin of the chloroplasts from green algae is supported by their pigmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]