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Reticular (other)
Reticular describes a set of connective tissue, fibers, etc., in network form such as with cross-link bonds. Reticular may also refer to: * Reticular formation, a region in the brainstem that is involved in multiple tasks ** Reticular activating system, a set of connected nuclei in the brains of vertebrates * Reticular cell, a type of fibroblast that produces reticular fibers * Reticular connective tissue, a type of connective tissue that has a network of reticular fibers ** Reticular fiber, a type of fiber in connective tissue that is composed of type III collagen * Reticular dermis, the lower layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue * Reticular dysgenesis, a rare genetic disorder of the bone marrow * Reticular erythematous mucinosis, a skin condition that tends to affect women in the third and fourth decades of life * Reticular layer, a layer in the adrenal cortex that produces androgens * Reticular pigmented anomaly of the flexures, a fibrous anomaly of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular
In chemistry and biology a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins). In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties. When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies. Although the term is used to refer to the "linking of polymer chains" for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary greatly. As with all science, there are overlaps, and the following delineations are a starting point to understanding the subtleties. Polymer chemistry Crosslinking is the general term for the process of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Formation
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem. It is not anatomically well defined, because it includes neurons located in different parts of the brain. The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of networks in the core of the brainstem that extend from the upper part of the midbrain to the lower part of the medulla oblongata. The reticular formation includes ascending pathways to the cerebral cortex, cortex in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) and descending pathways to the spinal cord via the reticulospinal tracts. Neurons of the reticular formation, particularly those of the ascending reticular activating system, play a crucial role in maintaining behavioral arousal and consciousness. The overall functions of the reticular formation are modulatory and premotor, involving somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and consciousness, and habituation. The modulatory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Activating System
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem. It is not anatomically well defined, because it includes neurons located in different parts of the brain. The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of networks in the core of the brainstem that extend from the upper part of the midbrain to the lower part of the medulla oblongata. The reticular formation includes ascending pathways to the cortex in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) and descending pathways to the spinal cord via the reticulospinal tracts. Neurons of the reticular formation, particularly those of the ascending reticular activating system, play a crucial role in maintaining behavioral arousal and consciousness. The overall functions of the reticular formation are modulatory and premotor, involving somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and consciousness, and habituation. The modulatory functions are p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Cell
A reticular cell is a type of fibroblast that synthesizes collagen alpha-1(III) and uses it to produce reticular fibers. The cell surrounds the fibers with its cytoplasm, isolating them from other tissue components and cells. Reticular cells provide structural support, since they produce and maintain the thin networks of fibers that are a framework for most lymphoid organs. Reticular cells are found in many organs, including the spleen, lymph nodes and kidneys. They are also found within tissues, such as lymph nodules. There are different types of reticular cells, including epithelial, mesenchymal, and fibroblastic reticular cells. Fibroblastic reticular cells are involved in directing B cells and T cells to specific regions within the tissue whereas epithelial and mesenchymal reticular cells are associated with certain areas of the brain. See also *List of human cell types derived from the germ layers This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Connective Tissue
Reticular connective tissue is a type of connective tissue with a network of reticular fibers, made of type III collagen (''reticulum'' = net or network). Reticular fibers are not unique to reticular connective tissue, but only in this type they are dominant. Reticular fibers are synthesized by special fibroblasts called reticular cells. The fibers are thin branching structures. Location Reticular connective tissue is found around the kidney, liver, the spleen, and lymph nodes, Peyer' patches as well as in bone marrow.Martini, Frederic H. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. Seventh Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings. United States. 2006. Function The fibers form a soft skeleton ( stroma) to support the lymphoid organs (lymph node stromal cells, red bone marrow, and spleen). Adipose tissue is held together by reticular fibers. Staining They can be identified in histology by staining with a heavy metal like silver or the PAS stain that stains carbohydrates. Gordon and Gold c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Fiber
Reticular fibers, reticular fibres or reticulin is a type of fiber in connective tissue composed of type III collagen secreted by reticular cells. Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulin). This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow, and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system. History The term reticulin was coined in 1892 by M. Siegfried. Today, the term reticulin or reticular fiber is restricted to referring to fibers composed of type III collagen. However, during the pre-molecular era, there was confusion in the use of the term ''reticulin'', which was used to describe two structures: *the argyrophilic (silver staining) fibrous structures present in basement membranes *histologically similar fibers present in developing connective tissue. The history of the reticulin silver stain is reviewed by Puchtler ''et al.'' (1978). The abstract of this paper says: Maresch (1905) introduced Bielschowsky's silver imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology'' (10th ed.). Saunders. Pages 1, 11–12. . The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix.Marks, James G; Miller, Jeffery (2006). ''Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology'' (4th ed.). Elsevier Inc. Page 8–9. . It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, swe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Dysgenesis
Reticular dysgenesis (RD) is a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease that results in immunodeficiency. Individuals with RD have mutations in both copies of the AK2 gene. Mutations in this gene lead to absence of AK2 protein. AK2 protein allows hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate and proliferate. Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to blood cells. Differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells require a lot of energy and this energy is supplied by the mitochondria. The energy metabolism of mitochondria is regulated by the AK2 protein. If there is a mutation in the protein, that means that the mitochondria metabolism most likely will be altered and will not be able to provide enough energy to the hematopoietic stem cells. As a result, hematopoietic stem cells will not be able to differentiate or proliferate. The immune system consists of specialized cells that work together to fight off bacteria, fungi and viruses. These cells include T lymphocytes (T c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis
Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) is a skin condition caused by fibroblasts producing abnormally large amounts of mucopolysaccharides. It is a disease that tends to affect women in the third and fourth decades of life. See also * Mucinosis * List of cutaneous conditions Many skin conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against t ... References External links Mucinoses {{Cutaneous-condition-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Layer
The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of an adrenal gland. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Each zone is responsible for producing specific hormones. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. – "Adrenal Gland" Layers The adrenal cortex comprises three main zones, or layers that are regulated by distinct hormones as noted below. This ''anatomic zonation'' can be appreciated at the microscopic level, where each zone can be recognized and distinguished from one another based on structural and anatomic characteristics. ;Zona glomerulosa :The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for the production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The zona glomerulosa cells express a specific enzyme aldosterone synthase (also known as CYP11B2). Aldosterone is large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticular Pigmented Anomaly Of The Flexures
Reticular pigmented anomaly of the flexures (also known as dark dot disease and Dowling–Degos disease) is a fibrous anomaly of the flexures or bending parts of the axillae, neck and inframammary/sternal areas.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. . It is an autosomal-dominant pigmentary disorder that may appear in adolescence or adulthood. This condition is due to mutations in structural/desmosomal proteins found within stratified squamous epithelium. Dark dot disease is associated with ''KRT5''. See also * List of cutaneous conditions Many skin conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against t ... * List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins * Skin lesion References Extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticulation (other)
Reticulation is a net-like pattern, arrangement, or structure. Reticulation or Reticulated may refer to: * Reticulation (single-access key), a structure of an identification tree, where there are several possible routes to a correct identification * A coloration pattern of some animals (e.g. the reticulated giraffe) * An arrangement of veins in a leaf, with the veins interconnected like a network * The endoplasmic reticulum within a cell, often resembling a net * A phylogenetic network, the result when hybrid speciation, introgression and parapyletic speciation is applied to a phylogenetic tree * Reticulated water (Australia, South Africa), water from a piped network rather than from a bore or well, see: wiktionary:reticulated water *Reticulation (metalwork), a decorative technique in metalworking See also * Reticular (other) Reticular describes a set of connective tissue, fibers, etc., in network form such as with cross-link bonds. Reticular may also refer to: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
