René Philombé
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René Philombé
René Philombé (René Philombe), pen name of Philippe Louis Ombedé (13 November 1930 – 25 October 2001), born in the city of Ngaoundere, was a Cameroonian writer, journalist, poet, novelist, and playwright who mostly wrote in French. He was one of the founders of the ''Association of Cameroonian Poets and Writers'' (APEC) of which he was the secretary for 20 years. He received the Mottart Prize from the Académie Française and the Fonlon-Nichols prize from the African Literature Association. Biography Early years René Philombe's father was Nkoulou, writer-performer, a descendant of the Nkoulou, Batschenga chiefs. His mother was Princess Berthe Manyan, granddaughter of Tidadi, king of the Babouté. His name received at birth was ''Yaka Nkoulou'', but upon arrival of a white priest, his father renamed him to ''Philippe Louis Ombedé'', whom the author transformed into a pen name ''René Philombe'' : rené (de renaître) Phi-L-Ombe, sometimes written in French with accent: '' ...
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Demographics Of Cameroon
The demographic profile of Cameroon is complex for a country of its population. Cameroon comprises an estimated 250 distinct ethnic groups, which may be formed into five large regional-cultural divisions: * western highlanders (Semi-Bantu or grassfielders), including the Bamileke, Bamum (or ''Bamoun''), and many smaller Tikar groups in the Northwest (est. 38% of total population); * coastal tropical forest peoples, including the Bassa, Duala (or ''Douala''), and many smaller groups in the Southwest (12%); * southern tropical forest peoples, including the Beti-Pahuin, Bulu (a subgroup of Beti-Pahuin), Fang (subgroup of Beti-Pahuin), Maka, Njem, and Baka pygmies (18%); * predominantly Islamic peoples of the northern semi-arid regions (the Sahel) and central highlands, including the Fulani (french: Peul or ''Peuhl''; ff, Fulɓe) (14%); ''and'' * the "Kirdi", non-Islamic or recently Islamic peoples of the northern desert and central highlands (18%). 113,000 Igbo people live in Ca ...
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1964 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1964. Events *January 10 – Federico García Lorca's play ''The House of Bernarda Alba'', completed just before his assassination in 1936, receives its first performance in Spain. *January 12 – The Royal Shakespeare Company Experimental Group open a four-week Theatre of Cruelty season at the LAMDA Theatre Club, London. *January 23 – Arthur Miller's play '' After the Fall'' opens at the ANTA Washington Square Theatre Off-Broadway in New York City, directed by Elia Kazan and starring Jason Robards and Kazan's wife Barbara Loden. A semi-autobiographical work, it arouses controversy over Miller's portrayal of his late ex-wife Marilyn Monroe. *February 11 – A London retailer, in the case of R. v. Gold, is found guilty under section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 of stocking a 1963 edition of John Cleland's novel ''Fanny Hill'' (''Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure'', 1748–1749). *February 28 ...
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1930 Births
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned o ...
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2002 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2002. Events *March 16 – Authorities in Saudi Arabia arrest and jail the poet Abdul Mohsen Musalam and dismiss a newspaper editor following the publication of Musalam's poem "The Corrupt on Earth", which criticizes the state's Islamic judiciary, accusing some judges of being corrupt and issuing unfair rulings for personal benefit. * March 31 – '' American Writers: A Journey Through History'' resumes its run on C-SPAN, having been interrupted by the September 11 attacks and their aftermath. *May – The results of a poll of 100 authors conducted in Norway are announced, leading to the Bokklubben World Library beginning publication. *October 16 – Bibliotheca Alexandrina (designed by Snøhetta) is inaugurated in Alexandria, Egypt. *November – Raymond Benson releases his final James Bond novel, based on the film ''Die Another Day'', bringing to a close an uninterrupted series of novels featuring ...
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2001 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2001. – Opening sentence, Ian McEwan, ''Atonement'' Events *February 15 – The author Michael Crichton signs a new deal with HarperCollins Publishers that reportedly earns him $40 million for two books. *April 1 – The BookCrossing scheme for leaving books for strangers to find is launched. * April 13 – The film version of Helen Fielding's 1996 novel ''Bridget Jones's Diary'' has uncredited cameo roles as themselves for Salman Rushdie, Julian Barnes and Jeffrey Archer, at a literary party. *July 19 – The English popular novelist and politician Jeffrey Archer, having been found guilty of perjury in a libel trial, is sentenced to imprisonment. *September 19 – Amiri Baraka reads his poem "Somebody Blew Up America?" at a poetry festival in New Jersey, eight days after the September 11 attacks. *December 10 – The live-action film version of J. R. R. Tolkien's '' The Lord of the Rings: The F ...
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1994 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1994. Events *October 11 – The choice of James Kelman's book ''How Late It Was, How Late'' as the year's Booker Prize winner proves controversial. One of the judges, Rabbi Julia Neuberger, declares it "a disgrace" and leaves the event, later calling the book "crap"; WHSmith's marketing manager calls the award "an embarrassment to the whole book trade"; Waterstone's in Glasgow (where it is set) sells a mere 13 copies of Kelman's "Mogadon" the following week. *November 26 – Poland's Ministry of Culture and Art orders the exhumation of the presumed grave of the absurdist painter, playwright and novelist Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (suicide 1939) in Zakopane. Genetic tests on the remains show they belonged to an unknown woman. *December 1 – Iceland's National and University Library of Iceland (Landsbókasafn Íslands – Háskólabókasafn) is founded in Reykjavík by merging the former national ...
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1984 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1984. Events * April 4 – The narrative of George Orwell's dystopian novel ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'' ( 1949) begins and causes widespread discussion. G. K. Chesterton's '' The Napoleon of Notting Hill'' (1904) is also set in this year; and Haruki Murakami's '' 1Q84'' (いちきゅうはちよん, ''Ichi-Kyū-Hachi-Yon'', 2009–2010) is set in a parallel version of it. *June 16 – Cirque du Soleil is founded in Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec, by two former street performers, Guy Laliberté and Gilles Ste-Croix. *July – Tom Wolfe's novel '' The Bonfire of the Vanities'' begins serialization in ''Rolling Stone''. *December 19 – Ted Hughes' appointment as Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom is announced in succession to Sir John Betjeman, Philip Larkin having turned down the post. *''unknown dates'' **Prvoslav Vujčić's second poetry collection, ''Kastriranje vetra'' (Castration of the Wind), wri ...
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1982 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1982. Events * February 17 – Philip K. Dick ignores advice to go immediately to hospital. A fortnight later, after two strokes, he is pronounced brain-dead and disconnected from his life-support machine. *March 18 – A legal case brought on behalf of Mary Whitehouse against theater director Michael Bogdanov concerning alleged indecency in a performance of Howard Brenton's play '' The Romans in Britain'' at the National Theatre in London is dropped after the Attorney General intervenes. *June 25 – In '' Island Trees School District v. Pico'' (), the Supreme Court of the United States concludes that "local school boards may not remove books from school library shelves simply because they dislike the ideas contained in those books and seek by their removal to 'prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion.'" *September – Banned Books Week ...
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1978 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1978. Events *March 8 – Douglas Adams' comic science fiction series ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' originates as a radio comedy broadcast on the U.K. BBC Radio 4. *March – Philip Larkin ends his relationships with Maeve Brennan and Betty Mackereth. *April – James Blaylock's first published story, "The Ape-Box Affair", appears in ''Unearth'' magazine, pioneering steampunk fiction. *August 1 – Barbara Pym is a guest on ''Desert Island Discs''. *October – The Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year, a humorous award given annually to books with unusual titles, is launched at the Frankfurt Book Fair. The first winner is ''Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Nude Mice''. *November 15 – Harold Pinter's play ''Betrayal'', inspired by a seven-year clandestine extramarital affair with BBC Television presenter Joan Bakewell, opens at the National Theatre in L ...
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1977 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1977. Events *February 20 – An episode of '' Doctor on the Go'', co-written by Douglas Adams and Graham Chapman, marks the beginning of Adams' career as a writer for BBC radio. *March 4 – Andrés Caicedo commits suicide by overdose, aged 25, about a month after the publication of his novel '' ¡Que viva la música!'' ("Let Music Live!", translated as ''Liveforever'') is published in his hometown of Cali, Colombia. * April 27 – Héctor Germán Oesterheld, Argentine comic book writer born 1919), is kidnapped by the military authorities; he is believed to have died in detention a few months later. *July 11 – The English magazine ''Gay News'' is found guilty of blasphemous libel for publishing a homoerotic poem, "The Love That Dares to Speak Its Name" by James Kirkup, in a case (''Whitehouse v Lemon'') at the Old Bailey in London, on behalf of Mary Whitehouse's National Viewers and Listeners Ass ...
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1973 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1973. Events *March 6 – The Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, founded as the Montenegrin Society for Science and Arts (''Crnogorsko društvo za nauku i umjetnost'') in Podgorica, elects its first members. * May 14 **New orthography for the Greenlandic language is introduced. **François Truffaut's film '' Day for Night (La Nuit américaine)'' premieres; novelist Grahame Greene (credited as Henry Graham) has a cameo role as an English insurance company representative. *June 21 **The Supreme Court of the United States delivers its decision in the landmark case '' Miller v. California'', establishing the " Miller test" for determining obscenity. **Virago Press, registered on June 18 in the U.K. by Carmen Callil mainly to publish classics by women writers, holds its first board meeting; its first book will be published in 1975. * July 26 – Peter Shaffer's drama '' Equus'' is premièred i ...
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1971 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1971. Events * March 25–December 14 – The 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals reaches a peak. * April 21 – The 13th-century ''Codex Regius'' manuscript is returned by Denmark to Iceland under naval escort. *July 4 – Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's mainframe computer, as the origin of Project Gutenberg. *July 14 – Simon Gray's play '' Butley'' has its first performance at the Criterion Theatre in London, produced by Michael Codron and directed by Harold Pinter, with Alan Bates in the lead. *October 20 – ''The Destiny Waltz'' by Gerda Charles wins the U.K.'s first Whitbread Novel of the Year Award. Geoffrey Hill wins the poetry prize for ''Mercian Hymns'' and Michael Meyer the biography category for ''Henrik Ibsen''. *November – Hunter S. Thompson's ''roman à clef ...
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