Relaxor Ferroelectric

	Relaxor Ferroelectric Relaxor ferroelectrics are ferroelectric materials that exhibit high electrostriction. , although they have been studied for over fifty years, the mechanism for this effect is still not completely understood, and is the subject of continuing research. Examples of relaxor ferroelectrics include: * lead magnesium niobate (PMN) * lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) * lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) * lead scandium niobate (PSN) Barium Titanium-Bismuth Zinc Niobium Tantalum (BT-BZNT) Barium Titanium-Barium Strontium Titanium (BT-BST) Applications Relaxor Ferroelectric materials find application in high efficiency energy storage Energy storage is the capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time to reduce imbalances between energy demand and energy production. A device that stores energy is generally called an accumulator or battery. Energy comes in ... and conversion as they have high dielectric constants, orders-of-magnitude high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ferroelectric Ferroelectricity is a characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. All ferroelectrics are also piezoelectric and pyroelectric, with the additional property that their natural electrical polarization is reversible. The term is used in analogy to ferromagnetism, in which a material exhibits a permanent magnetic moment. Ferromagnetism was already known when ferroelectricity was discovered in 1920 in Rochelle salt by Joseph Valasek.See and Thus, the prefix ''ferro'', meaning iron, was used to describe the property despite the fact that most ferroelectric materials do not contain iron. Materials that are both ferroelectric ''and'' ferromagnetic are known as multiferroics. Polarization When most materials are electrically polarized, the polarization induced, ''P'', is almost exactly proportional to the applied external electric field ''E''; so the polarization is a linear fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Electrostriction Electrostriction (cf. magnetostriction) is a property of all electrical non-conductors, or dielectrics, that causes them to change their shape under the application of an electric field. Explanation Electrostriction is a property of all dielectric materials, and is caused by displacement of ions in the crystal lattice upon being exposed to an external electric field. Positive ions will be displaced in the direction of the field, while negative ions will be displaced in the opposite direction. This displacement will accumulate throughout the bulk material and result in an overall strain (elongation) in the direction of the field. The thickness will be reduced in the orthogonal directions characterized by Poisson's ratio. All insulating materials consisting of more than one type of atom will be ionic to some extent due to the difference of electronegativity of the atoms, and therefore exhibit electrostriction. The resulting strain (ratio of deformation to the original dimension) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lead Magnesium Niobate Lead magnesium niobate is a relaxor ferroelectric. It has been used to make piezoelectric microcantilever sensors. References Niobates Magnesium compounds Lead compounds Piezoelectric materials {{electromagnetism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Lead Magnesium Niobate-lead Titanate Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is toxic, even in small amounts, especially to children. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is toxic, even in small amounts, especially to children. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Lead Scandium Niobate Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is toxic, even in small amounts, especially to children. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]