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Rehabilitation Of War Criminals In Post-Communist Romania
After the fall of Communism in Romania, between 1995 and 2004, a number of war criminals were rehabilitated by the Romanian Supreme Court. The rehabilitation process was part of the general efforts made by Romania to distance itself from its Communist past, as those convicted were sentenced after the country fell under Soviet influence in the wake of World War II. However, as a former Axis country during the Second World War, these rehabilitation initiatives put Romania at odds with the West (the United States in particular), as the former was seeking to join NATO and EU. Thus, the number of acquittals was relatively small, and rehabilitation initiatives ceased altogether in 2004, after Romania joined NATO. Chronology On 8 May 1995, after the fall of Communism, 10 of the sentences pronounced by the "People's Tribunals" were overturned by the Supreme Court of Justice. They were part of the 14 war criminals convicted in the "Journalists' trial" of 1945. Only one of the ten, Pan M. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Revolution
The Romanian Revolution ( ro, Revoluția Română), also known as the Christmas Revolution ( ro, Revoluția de Crăciun), was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world. The Romanian Revolution started in the city of Timișoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the drumhead trial and execution of longtime Romanian Communist Party (PCR) General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist rule in Romania. It was also the last removal of a Marxist–Leninist government in a Warsaw Pact country during the events of 1989, and the only one that violently overthrew a country's leadership and executed its leader; according to estimates, over one thousand people died and thousands more were injured. Following World War II, Romania was placed under the Soviet sphere of influence in 1947 with Communist rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romulus Dianu
Romulus Dianu (born Romulus Dima; March 22, 1905–August 25, 1975) was a Romanian prose writer, journalist and translator. Biography Born in Bucharest, his parents were ''Căile Ferate Române'' worker Gheorghe Dima, a relative of composer Gheorghe Dima; and his wife Virgilia (''née'' Maiorescu), descended from the family of Petru Maior. After attending primary school in Murfatlar and Bârlad, he enrolled in the classics section of his native city's Saint Sava National College, thanks to the help of his uncle, poet George Tutoveanu. In 1925, he entered the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Bucharest. He made his published debut in ''Rampa'' in 1926, with opinion pieces. His first book appeared in 1929; co-written with Sergiu Dan, it was a fictionalized biography titled ''Viața minunată a lui Anton Pann''. Dan was his best friend, and he was also very close to Ion Vinea and Pamfil Șeicaru. He wrote the novels ''Adorata'' (1930) and ''Nopți la Ada-Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Gigurtu
Ion Gigurtu (; 24 June 1886 – 24 November 1959) was a far-right Romanian politician, Land Forces officer, engineer and industrialist who served a brief term as Prime Minister from 4 July to 4 September 1940, under the personal regime of King Carol II. A specialist in mining and veteran of both the Second Balkan War and World War I, he made a fortune in interwar Greater Romania. Gigurtu began his career in politics with the People's Party (PP) and the National Agrarian Party, moving closer to the far right during the 1930s, and serving as Minister of Industry and Commerce in the cabinet of Octavian Goga. Shortly after the start of World War II, Gigurtu was affiliated with King Carol's National Renaissance Front, serving as Public Works and Communications Minister and Foreign Minister under Premier Gheorghe Tătărescu, before the territorial losses incurred by Romania in front of the Soviet Union propelled him as Tătărescu's replacement. Gigurtu's executive was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Antonescu Cabinet
The third cabinet of Ion Antonescu was the government of Romania from 27 January 1941 to 23 August 1944. On 22 June 1941, Romania entered World War II on the side of the Axis powers and invaded the Soviet Union. Ministers The ministers of the cabinet were as follows: *President of the Council of Ministers: :*Gen. Ion Antonescu (27 January 1941 – 23 August 1944) *Vice President of the Council of Ministers: :*Mihai A. Antonescu (21 June 1941 – 23 August 1944) *Minister of State Secretary: :*Mihai A. Antonescu (27 January – 21 June 1941) *Minister of State Secretary and Propaganda: :* Nichifor Crainic (27 January – 1 April 1941) *Minister of Foreign Affairs: :*(interim) Gen. Ion Antonescu (27 January – 29 June 1941) :*Mihai A. Antonescu (29 June 1941 – 23 August 1944) *Minister of the Interior: :*Gen. (27 January 1941 - 23 August 1944) *Minister of Justice: :* (27 January – 15 February 1941) :* (15 February 1941 – 14 August 1942) :*Ion C. Marinescu (14 August 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toma Ghițulescu
Toma Petre Ghițulescu (29 June 1902 – 26 October 1983) was a Romanian engineer, politician, and Olympic bobsledder. He is known for being an officially-rehabilitated member of the Axis-aligned World War II-era Government of Marshal Ion Antonescu. Born in Giurgiu, he graduated în 1925 from the Department of Mining of the Bucharest Polytechnic Institute. He was then hired as an engineer in the prospecting section of the , where he carried out pioneering work in geophysical prospecting. Together with Ion Gavăț, he was the author of the first Romanian gravimetric prospecting work, executed in 1928 on a salt massif near Călinești. In 1927, Mircea Socolescu and Sabba S. Ștefănescu joined their team; together, they performed gravimetric measurements, magnetometric research, and electrometric investigations through vertical electrical surveys. Ghițulescu competed in the four-man event at the 1928 Winter Olympics, together with Grigore Socolescu, Ion Gavăț, Trai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies of World War II, Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II. Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded many countries across Europe, inflicting 27 million deaths in the Soviet Union alone. Proposals for how to punish the defeated Nazi leaders ranged from a show trial (the Soviet Union) to summary executions (the United Kingdom). In mid-1945, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States agreed to convene a joint tribunal in Nuremberg, with the Nuremberg Charter as its legal instrument. Between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) tried 21 of the most important surviving leaders of Nazi Germany in the political, military, and economic spheres, as well as six German organizations. The purpose of the trial was not just to convict the defendants but also to as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann ( , ''''. ; 19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German-Austrian SS-'''' and one of the major organisers of – the so-called " |
Prisoners Of War
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held Captivity, captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of war in custody for a range of legitimate and illegitimate reasons, such as isolating them from the enemy combatants still in the field (releasing and Repatriation, repatriating them in an orderly manner after hostilities), demonstrating military victory, punishing them, prosecuting them for war crimes, exploitation of labour, exploiting them for their labour, recruiting or even Conscription, conscripting them as their own combatants, collecting military and political intelligence from them, or Indoctrination, indoctrinating them in new political or religious beliefs. Ancient times For most of human history, depending on the culture of the victors, enemy fighters on the losing side in a battle who had surrendered and been taken as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transnistria Governorate
The Transnistria Governorate ( ro, Guvernământul Transnistriei) was a Romanian-administered territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa and occupied from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944. Limited in the west by the Dniester river (separating it from Bessarabia), in the east by the Southern Bug river (separating it from the German Reichskommissariat Ukraine), and in the south by the Black Sea, it comprised the present-day region of Transnistria (which compared to the World War II whole is only a small strip along the bank of the Dniester) and territories further east (modern Odesa Oblast eastward of the Dniester, southern Vinnytsia Oblast and a small part of eastern Mykolaiv Oblast), including the Black Sea port of Odesa, which became the administrative capital of Transnistria during World War II. In World War II, the Kingdom of Romania, persuaded and aided by Nazi Germany, took control of Transn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iași Pogrom
The Iași pogrom (, sometimes anglicized as Jassy) was a series of pogroms launched by governmental forces under Marshal Ion Antonescu in the Romanian city of Iași against its Jewish community, which lasted from 29 June to 6 July 1941. According to Romanian authorities, over 13,266 people,Jewishgen br The Iași Pogrom at Radio Romania International quotes 13,266 or 14,850 Jews killed. or one third of the Jewish population, were massacred in the pogrom itself or in its aftermath, and many were deported. It was one of the worst pogroms during World War II. Backgro ...
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Gheorghe Petrescu
Gheorghe Petrescu (born 28 February 1919) was a Romanian football defender. He played 23 from a total of 24 matches of the 1940–41 season, in which Unirea Tricolor won the championship. International career Gheorghe Petrescu played two games for Romania, making his debut under coach Iuliu Baratky at the 1948 Balkan Cup in a 3–2 victory against Bulgaria. His second game was also at the 1948 Balkan Cup, playing in a 2–1 victory against Czechoslovakia. Honours Unirea Tricolor București *Divizia A: 1940–41 *Divizia B: 1938–39 *Cupa României The Cupa României ( en, Romanian Cup) is a Association football, football cup competition for List of football clubs in Romania, Romanian teams which has been held annually since 1933–34 Cupa României, 1933–34, except during World War II. I ... runner-up: 1935–36, 1940–41 References External linksGheorghe Petrescu player profileat Labtof.ro 1919 births Romanian footballers Romania international footballer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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