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Redistricting In California
Redistricting in California has historically been highly controversial. Critics have accused legislators of attempting to protect themselves from competition by gerrymandering districts. Conflicts between the governor and the legislature during redistricting often have only been resolved by the courts. After incumbent parties retained every single state assembly, senate, and congressional seat in the 2004 election, voters passed California Proposition 11 (2008). The proposition created a Citizens Redistricting Commission to draw state legislative districts. California Proposition 20 (2010) expanded the Commission's power to include drawing congressional districts. History When former Governor Earl Warren mandated one man, one vote by deciding ''Reynolds v. Sims'', the California Senate was badly malapportioned by counties, with the 6 million people in Los Angeles County and the 397 people in Alpine County each represented by one state senator. In 1966 Governor Pat Brown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CA 11thCD Clip
CA or ca may refer to: Businesses and organizations Companies * Air China (IATA airline code CA) * CA Technologies, a U.S. software company * Cayman Airways, a Cayman Islands airline * Channel America, a defunct U.S. television network * Classic Army, a Hong Kong-based manufacturer of airsoft replicas * Coal & Allied, Australian mining company * Continental Airlines, a U.S. airline * Creative Assembly, a PC game developer * Crédit Agricole, a major French bank Government and political * Bureau of Consular Affairs, a division of the U.S. Department of State * Canadian Alliance, a former Canadian political party * Centre Alliance, Australian political party formerly known as Nick Xenophon Team * Citizens' Alliance, a political party in Trinidad and Tobago * Combined authority, a local government entity in the United Kingdom * Commission on Appointments, a body of the Congress of the Philippines * Conservatives Abroad, overseas wing of the British Conservative Party * Countryside A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Master
In the law of the United States, a special master is generally a subordinate official appointed by a judge to ensure judicial orders are followed, or in the alternative, to hear evidence on behalf of the judge and make recommendations to the judge as to the disposition of a matter. The special master should not be confused with the traditional common law concept of a master, a judge of the High Court entrusted to deal with summary and administrative matters falling short of a full trial. In the federal judiciary of the United States, a special master is an adjunct to a federal court. Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allows a federal court to appoint a special master, with the consent of the parties, to conduct proceedings and report to the Court. Role The role of the special master, who is frequently but not necessarily an attorney, is to supervise those falling under the order of the court to ensure that the court order is being followed and to report on the ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Deukmejian
Courken George Deukmejian Jr. (; June 6, 1928 – May 8, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 35th governor of California from 1983 to 1991. Of Armenian descent, Deukmejian was a member of the Republican Party and he also served as the attorney general of California from 1979 to 1983. Early life and education Deukmejian was born Courken George Deukmejian Jr. in Menands, New York. His parents were Armenians born in the Armenian Highlands, who emigrated from the Ottoman Empire to the United States in the early 1900s. His father, Courken George Deukmejian, whose sister was killed during the Armenian Genocide, was a rug merchant born in Aintab. Deukmejian's mother, Alice Gairden, was born in Erzurum; in the United States she worked for Montgomery Ward and later for New York State. Deukmejian attended local schools. For college, he graduated in 1949 with a B.A. in Sociology from Siena College. He earned a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from St. John's University in New Yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pete Wilson
Peter Barton Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 36th governor of California from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as a United States senator from California between 1983 and 1991, and as the 29th mayor of San Diego from 1971 to 1983. Born in Lake Forest, Illinois, Wilson graduated from the UC Berkeley School of Law after serving in the United States Marine Corps. He established a legal practice in San Diego and campaigned for Republicans such as Richard Nixon and Barry Goldwater. Wilson won election to the California State Assembly in 1966 and became the Mayor of San Diego in 1971. He held that office until 1983, when he became a member of the United States Senate. In the Senate, Wilson supported the Strategic Defense Initiative and the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, while he opposed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. He resigned from the Senate after winning the 1990 California g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Senate Election In California, 1982
The 1982 United States Senate election in California took place on November 2, 1982. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator S. I. Hayakawa decided to retire after one term. Republican Pete Wilson, the Mayor of San Diego, won Hayakawa's open seat over Democratic Governor Jerry Brown and several minor candidates. Republican primary Candidates *Robert K. Booher *Ted Bruinsma, president of the Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce *Rafael D. Cortes *Bob Dornan, U.S. Representative from Garden Grove * Barry Goldwater Jr., U.S. Representative from Woodland Hills and son of Barry Goldwater *John Hickey *Pete McCloskey, U.S. Representative from Woodside and 1972 presidential candidate *Edison P. McDaniels *William H. Pemberton *Maureen Reagan, daughter of President Ronald Reagan *John G. Schmitz, State Senator from Corona del Mar, former U.S. Representative, and American Independent nominee for President in 1972 * William B. Shockley, recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics *Pete Wils ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamela Karlan
Pamela Susan Karlan (born 1959) is an American legal scholar who is the principal deputy assistant attorney general in the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice. She is on a leave of absence from Stanford Law School. A leading legal scholar on voting rights and constitutional law, she previously served as U.S. Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Voting Rights in the DOJ's Civil Division from 2014 to 2015. Education Karlan earned her B.A. degree in history from Yale University in 1980, as well as an M.A. degree in history and J.D. degree in 1984. At Yale Law School, she served as an article and book reviews editor of the ''Yale Law Journal''. After graduation from law school, Karlan worked as a law clerk for former U.S. District Judge Abraham David Sofaer of the Southern District of New York from 1984 to 1985. She went on to clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun the following year. In a 1995 oral history with Harold Koh, Blackmun reveal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerry Brown
Edmund Gerald Brown Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American lawyer, author, and politician who served as the 34th and 39th governor of California from 1975 to 1983 and 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected Secretary of State of California in 1970; Brown later served as Mayor of Oakland from 1999 to 2007 and Attorney General of California from 2007 to 2011. He was both the oldest and sixth-youngest governor of California due to the 28-year gap between his second and third terms. Upon completing his fourth term in office, Brown became the fourth longest-serving governor in U.S. history, serving 16 years and 5 days in office. Born in San Francisco, he is the son of Bernice Layne Brown and Pat Brown, who was the 32nd Governor of California (1959–1967). After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley and Yale University, he practiced law and began his political career as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Proposition 8 (1982)
Proposition 8 (or The Victims' Bill of Rights), a law enacted by California voters on 8 June 1982 by the initiative process, restricted the rights of convicts and those suspected of crimes and extended the rights of victims. To do so, it amended the California Constitution and ordinary statutes. Provisions The Victims' Bill of Rights declared its purpose as to ensure that: Amendment of the constitution The Victim's Bill of Rights added Section 28 to Article 1 of the constitution. This section has since been substantially added to and amended by Marsy's Law, enacted in 2008. Section 28 granted victims of crime the right to restitution from the perpetrator unless there were "compelling and extraordinary reasons" to the contrary. It also conferred a right to school safety; it reads "All students and staff of public primary, elementary, junior high and senior high schools have the inalienable right to attend campuses which are safe, secure and peaceful". Section 28 introduced a "ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veto Referendum
A popular referendum (also known, depending on jurisdiction, as citizens' veto, people's veto, veto referendum, citizen referendum, abrogative referendum, rejective referendum, suspensive referendum or statute referendum)Maija SetäläReferendum, Agenda-Setting and Models of Democracy: Majority Rule in Different Models of Democracy/ref> is a type of a referendum that provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (plebiscite) on an existing statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or, in its minimal form, to simply oblige the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject by submitting it to the order of the day. It is a form of direct democracy.Veto Sun Journal - Oct 23, 1999 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Pildes
Richard H. Pildes is the Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law at the New York University School of Law and a leading expert on constitutional law, the Supreme Court, the system of government in the United States, and legal issues concerning the structure of democracy, including election law. He is one of the nation's leading scholars of public law and a specialist in legal issues affecting democracy. Early life and education The son of two Chicago-area physicians, Pildes graduated summa cum laude with an A.B. in chemistry from Princeton University in 1979 after completing a 74-page long senior thesis titled "Infrared Laser Induced Gas-Surface Interactions." He later received his J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1983, where he was the Supreme Court Editor on the Harvard Law Review. He clerked for Judge Abner J. Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court, after which he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruce E
The English language name Bruce arrived in Scotland with the Normans, from the place name Brix, Manche in Normandy, France, meaning "the willowlands". Initially promulgated via the descendants of king Robert the Bruce (1274−1329), it has been a Scottish surname since medieval times; it is now a common given name. The variant ''Lebrix'' and ''Le Brix'' are French variations of the surname. Actors * Bruce Bennett (1906–2007), American actor and athlete * Bruce Boxleitner (born 1950), American actor * Bruce Campbell (born 1958), American actor, director, writer, producer and author * Bruce Davison (born 1946), American actor and director * Bruce Dern (born 1936), American actor * Bruce Gray (1936–2017), American-Canadian actor * Bruce Greenwood (born 1956), Canadian actor and musician * Bruce Herbelin-Earle (born 1998), English-French actor and model * Bruce Jones (born 1953), English actor * Bruce Kirby (1925–2021), American actor * Bruce Lee (1940–1973), martial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willie Brown (politician)
Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is a retired American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as mayor of San Francisco from 1996 to 2004, the first African American to hold that office. Born in Mineola, Texas, where he graduated from high school, Brown moved to San Francisco in 1951. He graduated from San Francisco State University in 1955 and earned a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in 1958, after which he worked as an attorney and was involved in the Civil rights movement. He was elected to the California Assembly in 1964, during which he became popular in San Francisco and became known as one of the country's most powerful state legislators. As a legislator, Brown earned a reputation as a supporter of civil rights of gays and lesbians and was able to manage colleagues and maintain party discipline. He served as the speaker of the California Assembly from 1980 to 1995. His long tenure and powerful position were u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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