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Red Guards (Italy)
The Red Guards ( it, Guardie Rosse), also known as Proletarian Defense Formations ( it, Formazioni di Difesa Proletaria), were a paramilitary organization affiliated with the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and later the Communist Party of Italy (PCdI) during the Red Biennium of the Kingdom of Italy. History After the end of the First World War, the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) strongly increased its membership. Italy suffered a severe economic crisis at the end of the war, with high unemployment and political instability. This period was known as Red Biennium, and was characterized by mass strikes, worker manifestations as well as self-management experiments through land and factories occupations. Italy was considered to be on the brink of a revolution by the end of 1918.Pelz, ''Against Capitalism''pp. 126-28/ref> In 1919, the PSI ''de facto'' organized a paramilitary wing, which became known as Red Guards. Revolutionary years In Turin and Milan, factory councils, which the le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logo Partito Socialista Italiano (1919-1921)
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a wordmark. In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.Wheeler, Alina. ''Designing Brand Identity'' © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page 4) Etymology Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term 'logo' used in 1937 "probably a shortening of logogram". History Numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to the contemporary logo, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
