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Raymond W. Ogden
Raymond William Ogden (born 19 September 1943) is a British applied mathematician. He is the George Sinclair Professor of Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics of the University of Glasgow. Education Ogden earned his BA and PhD degrees from the University of Cambridge in 1970, under the supervision of Rodney Hill. His thesis was entitled ''On Constitutive Relations for Elastic and Plastic Materials''. Work Ogden's research has been focused on the nonlinear theory of elasticity and its applications. His theoretical contributions include the derivation of exact solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems, for both compressible and incompressible materials, and an analysis of the linear and nonlinear stability of pre-stressed bodies and related studies of elastic wave propagation. In the field of applications, Ogden worked on modelling the elastic and inelastic behaviour of rubber-like solids. He has also made contributions to the biomechan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogden (hyperelastic Model)
The Ogden material model is a hyperelastic material model used to describe the non-linear stress–strain behaviour of complex materials such as rubbers, polymers, and biological tissue. The model was developed by Raymond Ogden in 1972.Ogden, R. W., (1972). ''Large Deformation Isotropic Elasticity – On the Correlation of Theory and Experiment for Incompressible Rubberlike Solids'', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 326, No. 1567 (1 February 1972), pp. 565–584. The Ogden model, like other hyperelastic material models, assumes that the material behaviour can be described by means of a strain energy density function, from which the stress–strain relationships can be derived. Ogden material model In the Ogden material model, the strain energy density is expressed in terms of the principal stretches \,\!\lambda_j, \,\!j=1,2,3 as: : W\left( \lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3 \right) = \sum_^N \frac\left( \lambda_1^ + \ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linear Elasticity
Linear elasticity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed due to prescribed loading conditions. It is a simplification of the more general nonlinear theory of elasticity and a branch of continuum mechanics. The fundamental "linearizing" assumptions of linear elasticity are: infinitesimal strains or "small" deformations (or strains) and linear relationships between the components of stress and strain. In addition linear elasticity is valid only for stress states that do not produce yielding. These assumptions are reasonable for many engineering materials and engineering design scenarios. Linear elasticity is therefore used extensively in structural analysis and engineering design, often with the aid of finite element analysis. Mathematical formulation Equations governing a linear elastic boundary value problem are based on three tensor partial differential equations for the balance of linear momentum and six infinitesimal strain- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creative Commons License
A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work".A "work" is any creative material made by a person. A painting, a graphic, a book, a song/lyrics to a song, or a photograph of almost anything are all examples of "works". A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that the author has created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, they might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of a given work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work. There are several types of Creative Commons licenses. Each license differs by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, education and public engagement and fostering international and global co-operation. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a royal charter by King Charles II as The Royal Society and is the oldest continuously existing scientific academy in the world. The society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of Council and the President are elected from and by its Fellows, the basic members of the society, who are themselves elected by existing Fellows. , there are about 1,700 fellows, allowed to use the postnominal title FRS (Fellow of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Engineering Science
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups. Societies construct patterns of behavior by deeming certain actions or concepts as acceptable or unacceptable. These patterns of behavior within a given society are known as societal norms. Societies, and their norms, undergo gradual and perpetual changes. Insofar as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would otherwise be difficult on an individual bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prager Medal
The William Prager Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Engineering Science (SES) to an individual for "outstanding research contributions in either theoretical or experimental Solid Mechanics or both". This medal was established in 1983. The actual award is a medal with William Prager's likeness on one side and an honorarium of USD 2000. William Prager Medal recipients * 1983 – Daniel C. Drucker * 1986 – Rodney J. Clifton * 1988 – James R. Rice * 1989 – Richard M. Christensen * 1991 – John W. Hutchinson * 1994 – George J. Dvorak * 1996 – Zdenek P. Bazant * 1998 – John R. Willis * 1999 – Kenneth L. Johnson * 2000 – L. Ben Freund * 2001 – Jan D. Achenbach * 2002 – Siavouche Nemat-Nasser * 2004 – Salvatore Torquato * 2006 – Alan Needleman * 2007 – Graeme Walter Milton, University of Utah, Expertise: Composites, Metamaterials * 2008 – Richard D. James, Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is an American professional association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms of outreach." ASME is thus an engineering society, a standards organization, a research and development organization, an advocacy organization, a provider of training and education, and a nonprofit organization. Founded as an engineering society focused on mechanical engineering in North America, ASME is today multidisciplinary and global. ASME has over 85,000 members in more than 135 countries worldwide. ASME was founded in 1880 by Alexander Lyman Holley, Henry Rossiter Worthington, John Edison Sweet and Matthias N. Forney in response to numerous steam boiler pressure vessel failures. Kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solid Mechanics
Solid mechanics, also known as mechanics of solids, is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents. Solid mechanics is fundamental for civil, aerospace, nuclear, biomedical and mechanical engineering, for geology, and for many branches of physics such as materials science. It has specific applications in many other areas, such as understanding the anatomy of living beings, and the design of dental prostheses and surgical implants. One of the most common practical applications of solid mechanics is the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation. Solid mechanics extensively uses tensors to describe stresses, strains, and the relationship between them. Solid mechanics is a vast subject because of the wide range of solid materials available, such as steel, wood, concrete, biological materials, textiles, geological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Residual Stress
In materials science and solid mechanics, residual stresses are Stress (physics), stresses that remain in a solid material after the original cause of the stresses has been removed. Residual stress may be desirable or undesirable. For example, laser peening imparts deep beneficial compressive residual stresses into metal components such as turbine engine fan blades, and it is used in toughened glass to allow for large, thin, crack- and scratch-resistant glass displays on smartphones. However, unintended residual stress in a designed structure may cause it to Catastrophic failure, fail prematurely. Residual stresses can result from a variety of mechanisms including inelastic (Plasticity (physics), plastic) Deformation (engineering), deformations, temperature gradients (during thermal cycle) or structural changes (phase transformation). Heat from welding may cause localized expansion, which is taken up during welding by either the molten metal or the placement of parts being welde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elastomer
An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus (E) and high failure strain compared with other materials. The term, a portmanteau of ''elastic polymer'', is often used interchangeably with ''rubber'', although the latter is preferred when referring to vulcanisates. Each of the monomers which link to form the polymer is usually a compound of several elements among carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and silicon. Elastomers are amorphous polymers maintained above their glass transition temperature, so that considerable molecular reconformation is feasible without breaking of covalent bonds. At ambient temperatures, such rubbers are thus relatively compliant (E ≈ 3 M Pa) and deformable. Their primary uses are for seals, adhesives, and molded flexible parts. Rubber-like solids with elastic properties are called elastomers. Polymer chains are held together in these materials by r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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