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Ramzin Boiler
Leonid Konstantinovich Ramzin (russian: Леони́д Константи́нович Рамзи́н) (27 October 1887 – 28 July 1948) was a Soviet thermal engineer, and the inventor of a type of flow-through boiler known as the straight-flow boiler, or Ramzin boiler. He was a laureate of the Stalin Prize First-Class, which he received in 1943. Life Leonid Konstantinovich Ramzin was born in the village of Sosnovtsy in the Tambov Governorate of the Russian Empire on 27 October 1887 (14 October O.S.). His parents, Konstantin Filipovich and Praskovya Ivanovna, were teachers at a local school. Studies In 1898, Ramzin entered the Tambov Men's Secondary School. He was taught mathematics by the renowned mathematician Igor Alexandrov. In 1914 he graduated from the Imperial Moscow Technical School, now known as the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, where he received a doctorate of technical sciences. He stayed at the university "for scientific activity", and became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. In England, Wales, Ireland and Britain's American colonies, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from Lady Day (25 March) to 1 January (which Scotland had done from 1600), while the second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, removing 11 days from the September 1752 calendar to do so.Spathaky, MikOld Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar "Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Igor Alexandrov
Igor may refer to: People * Igor (given name), an East Slavic given name and a list of people with the name * Mighty Igor (1931–2002), former American professional wrestler * Igor Volkoff, a professional wrestler from NWA All-Star Wrestling * Igorrr, (born 1984) a French musician Fictional characters * Igor (character), a stock character * Igor Karkaroff, character in the ''Harry Potter'' series * Igor, the eagle in '' Count Duckula'' * Igor, the first enemy character in fighting game ''Human Killing Machine'' * Igor, a baboon with shape-shifting powers in Marvel comics (see List of fictional monkeys) * Igor, a reoccurring character in the ''Persona'' series * Igor, a character in ''Young Frankenstein'' * Igor Nevsky, an assassin in ''Air Force One'' (film) Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Igor'' (album), a 2019 album by Tyler, The Creator * ''Igor'' (film), a 2008 American animated film * '' Igor: Objective Uikokahonia'', a 1994 Spanish MS-DOS PC video game released ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharashka
A Special Design Bureau (, ''osoboje konstruktorskoe bûro''; ОКБ), commonly informally known as a ''sharashka'' (russian: шара́шка, ; sometimes ''sharaga'', ''sharazhka'') was any of several secret research and development laboratories operating from 1930 to the 1950s within the Soviet Gulag labor-camp system. Etymologically, the word ''sharashka'' derives from a Russian slang expression ''sharashkina kontora'', ("Sharashka's office", which in its turn comes from the criminal argot term ''sharaga'' (шарага) for a band of thieves, hoodlums, etc.) an ironic, derogatory term to denote a poorly-organized, impromptu, or bluffing organization. The scientists and engineers at a ''sharashka'' were prisoners picked by the Soviet government from various camps and prisons and assigned to work on scientific and technological problems for the state. Living conditions were usually much better than in an average ''taiga'' camp, mostly because of the absence of hard labor. The r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Political Directorate
The State Political Directorate (also translated as the State Political Administration) (GPU) was the intelligence service and secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) from February 6, 1922, to December 29, 1922, and the Soviet Union from December 29, 1922, until November 15, 1923. Name The official designation in line to the native reference is: *Русский: = Государственное политическое управление (ГПУ) при Народном комиссариaте внутренних дел (НКВД) РСФСР * tr =Gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie (GPU) pri narodnom komissariate vnutrennikh del (NKVD) RSFSR – (GPU pri NKVD RSFSR) *English: = State Political Directorate (also State Political Administration) under the People's Commissariat of interior affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RFSR) Establishment Formed from the Cheka, the original Russian state security organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosenergo
Mosenergo (also known as TGK-3;) is a Russian power generating company operating on fossil fuel and a large thermal generation. In addition to electric power it also generates and sells heat for consumers in Moscow and the Moscow Oblast. The company was founded in 1887 in Moscow. The power plants of Mosenergo have installed electricity capacity of 11,100 MW and thermal capacity of 39,900 MW. Mosenergo operates 17 power plants with 104 cogeneration turbines, 7 gas-turbine units, one combined cycle power unit, two expansion generation units, 117 power boilers, and 114 peak-load boilers. Mosenergo is a subsidiary of Gazprom. Its shares are listed on the Moscow Exchange and London Stock Exchange London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange in the City of London, England, United Kingdom. , the total market value of all companies trading on LSE was £3.9 trillion. Its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St Pau .... Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imprisonment
Imprisonment is the restraint of a person's liberty, for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority. In the latter case it is "false imprisonment". Imprisonment does not necessarily imply a place of confinement, with bolts and bars, but may be exercised by any use or display of force (such as placing one in handcuffs), lawfully or unlawfully, wherever displayed, even in the open street. People become prisoners, wherever they may be, by the mere word or touch of a duly authorized officer directed to that end. Usually, however, imprisonment is understood to imply an actual confinement in a jail or prison employed for the purpose according to the provisions of the law. Sometimes incarceration of women, gender imbalances occur in imprisonment rates, with incarceration of males proportionately more likely than incarceration of females. History Africa Before colonisation, imprisonment was used in sub-Saharan Africa f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Execution By Shooting
Execution by shooting is a method of capital punishment in which a person is shot to death by one or more firearms. It is the most common method of execution worldwide, used in about 70 countries, with execution by firing squad being one particular form. In most countries, execution by a firing squad has historically been considered a more honorable death and was used primarily for military personnel, though in some countries—among them Belarus, the only state in Europe today that has the death penalty—the single executioner shooting inherited from the Soviet past is still in use. Brazil Although Brazil abolished capital punishment in peacetime, it can be used for certain crimes in a period of war, such as betrayal, conspiracy, mutiny, unauthorised retreat in battles, and theft of equipment or supplies in a military base. The execution method in this case is execution by shooting. Europe In Belarus, executions are performed by a single executioner shooting condemned through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Testimony
In law and in religion, testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter. Etymology The words "testimony" and "testify" both derive from the Latin word ''testis'', referring to the notion of a disinterested third-party witness. Law In the law, testimony is a form of evidence that is obtained from a witness who makes a solemn statement or declaration of fact. Testimony may be oral or written, and it is usually made by oath or affirmation under penalty of perjury. To be admissible in court and for maximum reliability and validity, written testimony is usually witnessed by one or more persons who swear or affirm its authenticity, also under penalty of perjury. Unless a witness is testifying as an expert witness, testimony in the form of opinions or inferences is generally limited to those opinions or inferences that are rationally based on the perceptions of the witness and are helpful to a clear understanding of the witness' testimony. Legitimate expert witnesses w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Party Trial
The Industrial Party Trial (November 25 – December 7, 1930) (russian: Процесс Промпартии, Trial of the ''Prompartiya'') was a show trial in which several Soviet scientists and economists were accused and convicted of plotting a coup against the government of the Soviet Union. Nikolai Krylenko, deputy People's Commissar (minister) of Justice, assistant Prosecutor General of the RSFSR and a prominent Bolshevik, prosecuted the case. The presiding judge was Andrey Vyshinsky, later Krylenko's opponent who became notorious as the prosecutor at the Moscow Trials in 1936-1938. The defendants were a group of notable Soviet economists and engineers, including Leonid Ramzin, Peter Osadchy (Пётр Осадчий), Nikolai Charnovsky (Николай Чарновский), Alexander Fedotov (Александр Федотов), Victor Larichev (Виктор Ларичев), Vladimir Ochkin (Владимир Очкин), Ksenofont Sitnin (Ксенофонт Ситнин), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute
The All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute was an organisation founded by the Soviet of Labor and Defense “for the purpose of systematic studying and working-out the vital practical issues in heat engineering and for solving related technical and economic problems, as well as for training high-skilled specialists” on July 13, 1921. The first director was Leonid Ramzin Leonid Konstantinovich Ramzin (russian: Леони́д Константи́нович Рамзи́н) (27 October 1887 – 28 July 1948) was a Soviet thermal engineer, and the inventor of a type of flow-through boiler known as the straight-flow ... {{authority control Research institutes in Russia Research institutes in the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Наука и жизнь
''Nauka i Zhizn'' (''Science and Life'', russian: Наука и жизнь) is a science magazine first issued during the years 1890–1900 in Imperial Russia, and then since 1934 in the Soviet Union (and continued in the Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ... today). References External links''Nauka i Zhizn'' website 1890 establishments in the Russian Empire Magazines established in 1890 Magazines published in Moscow Magazines published in the Soviet Union Popular science magazines Russian-language magazines Science and technology magazines published in Russia Science and technology in the Soviet Union {{Europe-sci-mag-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GOELRO Plan
GOELRO (russian: link=no, ГОЭЛРО) was the first Soviet plan for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" (Государственная комиссия по электрификации России). The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's belief in the central importance of electrification to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement that The commission was established by the Presidium of the VSNKh on February 21, 1920, in accordance with February 3, 1920, VTsIK resolution on the electrification plan development. The director of the commission was Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including Genrikh Graftio, Ivan Alexandrov, Mikhail Shatelen and others. By the end of 1920 the Commission d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
