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Radio And Television Technology In Turkey
This article covers the radio and television technology in Turkey. Authority The highest authority in radio and television broadcasting is Radio and Television Supreme Council (abbreviated RTÜK). RTÜK is responsible in both the content of the programs and the technical infrastructure of the broadcasting. Radio According to Milliyet newspaper total number of radio stations in Turkey is 1078 (2010 figure). The main broadcaster is Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (abbreviated TRT), a public broadcaster. TRT broadcasts 7 national, 6 regional and 5 international radio channels. TRT uses long wave, medium wave and FM band for the domestic broadcast. The short wave is reserved for international services (Voice of Turkey). The private companies however prefer FM band. The method of sterephony is zenith tone system. Television According to a report by RTÜK, there are 63 nationwide, 113 regional, and 1129 local broadcasters. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TV Tower, Istanbul ( 1100239)
Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication Media (communication), medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of Transmission (telecommunications), television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011''Strategic Public Relations: Audience Focused Practice''p. 48 In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the U.S. and most other developed countri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UHF Band
Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (one decimeter). Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band fall into the super-high frequency (SHF) or microwave frequency range. Lower frequency signals fall into the VHF (very high frequency) or lower bands. UHF radio waves propagate mainly by line of sight; they are blocked by hills and large buildings although the transmission through building walls is strong enough for indoor reception. They are used for television broadcasting, cell phones, satellite communication including GPS, personal radio services including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, walkie-talkies, cordless phones, satellite phones, and numerous other applications. The IEEE defines the UHF radar band as frequencies between 300 MHz and 1 GHz. Two other IEEE radar bands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television In Turkey
The television industry in Turkey includes high-tech program production, transmission and coverage. Turkish Radio and Television Corporation is Turkey's largest and most powerful national television station. As of 1 August 2019, RTÜK states that there a total of 536 television channels in Turkey. Turkey is the world's fastest growing television series exporter and has currently overtaken both Mexico and Brazil as the world's second highest television series exporter after the United States. Turkish television drama has grown in since the early 2000s. History Television in Turkey was introduced in 1952 with the launch of ITU TV. The first television broadcast work carried out as closed-circuit television broadcast in Turkey was prepared in June–July 1966. The first national television channel in Turkey was TRT 1, which was introduced in 1968. Color television was introduced in 1981. Turkey's first private television channel, Star, began broadcasting on 26 May 1989. There was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of Broadcast In Turkey
Below is the milestones of Turkish radio TV broadcasting. The oldest broadcaster in Turkey is TRT, the public broadcaster, which now broadcasts 6 nationwide, 6 regional, 1 local and 2 international radio channels as well as 11 TV nationwide and 2 international TV channels. But after the 1990s, many private radio and TV companies began broadcasting, some nationwide and some local. See also *Radio and television technology in Turkey References {{reflist Mass media in Turkey Television in Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ... Lists of mass media in Turkey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-definition Television
High-definition television (HD or HDTV) describes a television system which provides a substantially higher image resolution than the previous generation of technologies. The term has been used since 1936; in more recent times, it refers to the generation following standard-definition television (SDTV), often abbreviated to HDTV or HD-TV. It is the current de facto standard video format used in most broadcasts: terrestrial broadcast television, cable television, satellite television and Blu-ray Discs. Formats HDTV may be transmitted in various formats: * 720p (1280 horizontal pixels × 720 lines): 921,600 pixels * 1080i (1920×1080) interlaced scan: 1,036,800 pixels (~1.04 MP). * 1080p (1920×1080) progressive scan: 2,073,600 pixels (~2.07 MP). ** Some countries also use a non-standard CEA resolution, such as 1440×1080i: 777,600 pixels (~0.78 MP) per field or 1,555,200 pixels (~1.56 MP) per frame When transmitted at two megapixels per frame, HDTV provides about five times ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-Smart
D-Smart is a Turkish satellite television provider launched in 2007. It launched high-definition television High-definition television (HD or HDTV) describes a television system which provides a substantially higher image resolution than the previous generation of technologies. The term has been used since 1936; in more recent times, it refers to the g ... broadcasts in 2008. By late 2012, D-Smart had around 1.6m subscribers, of which around half were free-to-air customers; revenues were around EUR350m.digitaltveurope.net, 19 November 2012D-Smart’s pay TV base up 50%/ref> References External links D-Smart Official Web Site {{Television in Turkey Mass media in Turkey Direct broadcast satellite services 2007 establishments in Turkey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digitürk
Digiturk is a Turkish satellite television provider founded in 1999, with services starting in mid-2000. They provide both national television channels and their own channels, national radio, and music streams of different genres. Digiturk is also the current owner of the broadcasting rights of Turkish Super League. In addition to Turkey, Digiturk offers its television service throughout Europe, mainly for members of the Turkish diaspora. Reportedly, they have over 3.5 million subscribers worldwide. Digiturk's service is provided from Eutelsat 7A, positioned some 35 degrees west of the more traditionally used Turksat (satellite), Türksat, and is encrypted via Cryptoworks and Irdeto conditional access systems. Digiturk channels include national channels, news channels, film and series channels, sports channels, children channels, music channels, documentary channels, entertainment and lifestyle channels and other international channels. The Qatar-based beIN Media Group acquired Dig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Türksat (company)
Türksat Satellite Communications Cable TV and Operations Incorporated ( tr, Türksat Uydu Haberleşme Kablo TV ve İşletme A.Ş.) is the sole communications satellite operator in Turkey. It was established on 21 December 1990 as a state-owned company named ''Türksat Milli Haberleşme Uyduları'' (Türksat National Communications Satellites) in Gölbaşı, Ankara Province; eventually incorporating the satellite services of Türk Telekomünikasyon A.Ş. and becoming ''Türksat A.Ş.'' on 22 July 2004. Türksat A.Ş. also owns 100% of the shares of Eurasiasat S.A.M., jointly established as a spin-off company with Aérospatiale in 1996 to manufacture and launch Türksat 2A ( Eurasiasat 1) in 2001. Hasan Hüseyin ERTOK was appointed as the General Manager of Türksat A.Ş on January 21, 2021. Satellites Türksat A.Ş. has launched the Türksat series of satellites, and operated in the past Türksat 1C, Türksat 2A, Türksat 3A and Astra 1D (lease capacity) communications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmitter Station
A transmitter station or transmission facility is an installation used for transmitting radio frequency signals for wireless communication, broadcasting, microwave link, mobile telephone or other purposes. Choice of location The location may be chosen to fit the coverage area and for VHF-UHF-applications Line-of-sight propagation, line of sight considerations. For lower frequencies a location with good ground conductivity is required. In case of microwave link chains, stations should be in observable ranges of each other. (see Earth bulge) Computer programmes for the terrain profile and abacs are used in addition to on site observations. Avoidance of industrial noise is also taken into consideration. Another parameter may be the government regulations concerning public health requiring a minimum distance to human habitation. The distance depends on the Effective radiated power, power and the frequency of the transmitting signal. Low power stations may be in cities; higher powe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRT 1
TRT 1 (''TRT One'') is the first Turkish national television channel, owned by state broadcaster TRT. It was launched on 31 January 1968 as a test broadcast and was officially launched in December 1971. It was the only channel in Turkey until 15 September 1986, when TRT launched its second channel, 2. Kanal. It is also available in Azerbaijan on terrestrial television. On 19 May 2012, it started broadcasting on 16:9 aspect ratio and launched its own HD simulcast feed. TRT 1 is Turkish general TV channel, available as free-to-air through Turksat satellite, Digitürk, D-Smart, Turksat Cable TV, Tivibu or in neighbored countries via foreign cable platform. On-screen identity Like other TRT channels, TRT 1 broadcasts 24 hours a day. It broadcasts a short startup at 5:58 AM, where the TRT ident is shown, followed by the programme list for the day, and then the Turkish National Anthem (Independence March) is played. In January 2008, TRT celebrated its 40th anniversary. At tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CCIR System G
CCIR System G is an analog broadcast television system used in many countries. There are several systems in use and letter G is assigned for the European UHF system which is also used in the majority of Asian and African countries. (However some countries in Europe use different systems.) Specifications Some of the important specs are listed below.Reference Data for Radio Engineers, ITT Howard W.Sams Co., New York, 1977, section 30 A frame is the total picture. The frame rate is the number of pictures displayed in one second. But each frame is actually scanned twice interleaving odd and even lines. Each scan is known as a field (odd and even fields.) So field rate is twice the frame rate. In each frame there are 625 lines (or 312.5 lines in a field.) So line rate (line frequency) is 625 times the frame frequency or 625•25=15625 Hz. The RF parameters of the transmitted signal are exactly the same as those for System B which is used on the 7.0 MHz wide channels of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio And Television Supreme Council
Radio and Television Supreme Council ( tr, Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu), also known in short as RTÜK, is the Turkish state agency for monitoring, regulating, and sanctioning radio and television broadcasts. RTÜK was founded in 1994 and is composed of nine members elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. RTÜK is located in Ankara and maintains local offices in Istanbul, Izmir and Diyarbakir. Telecommunications and information technology sectors fall under another state agency, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK). RTÜK has recently initiated the establishment of two international forums in the field of audio visual media services such as the Black Sea Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (BRAF) among 12 members of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) in 2009, and the Islamic Countries Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (IBRAF), an affiliate of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), with its 57 member states, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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