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Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Services
The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) is a non-profit international standards organization. Although started in 1947 as a U.S. government advisory committee, RTCM is now an independent organization supported by its member organizations from all over the world. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission and U.S. Coast Guard use RTCM standards to specify systems such as radar, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons, Electronic Navigation Charts and Maritime Survivor Locator Devices. Special committees RTCM Special Committees are formed to provide in-depth areas of concern to the RTCM membership, these special committees normally produce documents in the form of standards. Current special committees are * Special Committee (SC) 101 on Digital Selective Calling (DSC) * Joint Special Committee (SC) 101/110 on GPS Equipped Hand Held VHF Radios * Special Committee (SC) 104 on Differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems (DGNSS). Provide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains jurisdiction over the areas of broadband access, fair competition, radio frequency use, media responsibility, public safety, and homeland security. The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the Federal Radio Commission. The FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The FCC's mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories of the United States. The FCC also provides varied degrees of cooperation, oversight, and leadership for similar communications bodies in other countries of North America. The FCC is funded entirely by regulatory fees. It has an estimated fiscal-2022 budget of US $388 million. It has 1,482 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
An Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a type of emergency locator beacon for commercial and recreational boats, a portable, battery-powered radio transmitter used in emergencies to locate boaters in distress and in need of immediate rescue. In the event of an emergency, such as a ship sinking or medical emergency onboard, the transmitter is activated and begins transmitting a continuous 406 MHz distress radio signal, which is used by search-and-rescue teams to quickly locate the emergency and render aid. The signal is detected by satellites operated by an international consortium of rescue services, COSPAS-SARSAT, which can detect emergency beacons anywhere on Earth transmitting on the distress frequency of 406 MHz. The satellites calculate the position or utilize the GPS coordinates of the beacon and quickly passes the information to the appropriate local first responder organization, which performs the search and rescue. As Search and Rescue approach the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Navigational Chart
An electronic navigational chart or ENC is an official database created by a national hydrographic office for use with an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). An electronic chart must conform to standards stated in the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication S-57 before it can be certified as an ENC. Only ENCs can be used within ECDIS to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) performance standard for ECDIS. ENCs are available for wholesale distribution to chart agents and resellers from Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Centres (RENCs). The RENCs are not-for-profit organizations made up of ENC-producer countries. RENCs independently check each ENC submitted by the contributing countries to ensure that they conform to the relevant IHO standards. The RENCs also act collectively as one-stop wholesalers of most of the world's ENCs. IHO Publication S-63 developed by the IHO Data Protection Scheme Working Group is used to encryp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RTCM SC-104
RTCM SC-104 is a communication protocol for sending differential GPS (DGPS) to a GPS receiver from a secondary source like a radio receiver. The standard is named for the Special Committee 104 of the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) that created it. The format does not define the source of the messages and has been used with systems as varied as longwave marine radio, communications satellite broadcasts, and internet distribution. The first widely used version of the format was released in 1990 and was based on the 30-bit long packet used by the GPS satellites, known as a "frame". Each message started with standardized two-frame header and then one or more data frames following. The frames were designed to be similar to GPS to make integration in GPS receivers easier, but had the disadvantage of having low channel efficiency and limiting the number of messages that could be sent in a given time. A completely new message format was introduced in 2003 for ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Differential GPS
Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPSs) supplement and enhance the positional data available from global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). A DGPS for GPS can increase accuracy by about a thousandfold, from approximately to . DGPSs consist of networks of fixed position, ground-based reference stations. Each reference station calculates the difference between its highly accurate known position and its less accurate satellite-derived position. The stations broadcast this data locally—typically using ground-based transmitters of shorter range. Non-fixed (mobile) receivers use it to correct their position by the same amount, thereby improving their accuracy. The United States Coast Guard (USCG) and the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) each run DGPSs in the United States and Canada on longwave radio frequencies between and near major waterways and harbors. The USCG's DGPS was named NDGPS (Nationwide DGPS) and was jointly administered by the Coast Guard and the U.S. Departmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real Time Kinematic
Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) is the application of surveying to correct for common errors in current satellite navigation (GNSS) systems. It uses measurements of the phase of the signal's carrier wave in addition to the information content of the signal and relies on a single reference station or interpolated virtual station to provide real-time corrections, providing up to centimetre-level accuracy (see DGPS). With reference to GPS in particular, the system is commonly referred to as carrier-phase enhancement, or CPGPS. It has applications in land survey, hydrographic survey, and in unmanned aerial vehicle navigation. Background The distance between a satellite navigation receiver and a satellite can be calculated from the time it takes for a signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver. To calculate the delay, the receiver must align a pseudorandom binary sequence contained in the signal to an internally generated pseudorandom binary sequence. Since the satell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satellite Emergency Notification Device
A Satellite Emergency Notification Device or SEND is a portable emergency notification and locating device which uses commercial satellite systems rather than the COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system. An example of this device is SPOT. The devices use an internal GPS chip to gather location information. When the SEND is triggered, this information is sent via commercial satellite to a commercial monitoring agency whose role is to pass the information to an appropriate responding agency. The responding agency contacted depends, in part, on the location. Examples of responding agencies would be military Search and Rescue, Coast Guard, local police, voluntary Search and Rescue. Typical users/purchasers of these devices are participants in activities such as hiking, mountain biking, climbing, boating and flying. They are also useful for those who work in remote areas (loggers, foresters, geologists, fisheries and wildlife staff). Additional features are increasingly being offered: sending pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Marine Electronics Association
The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) is a US-based marine electronics trade organization setting standards of communication between marine electronics. Standards NMEA 0183 NMEA 2000 NMEA OneNet NMEA OneNet is a latest standard for maritime data networking based on 802.3 Ethernet, and will complement existing onboard NMEA 2000 networks by allowing for high-capacity data transfers. Current maritime data networks have bandwidth capacities of less than 1Mbit/s. Building on Ethernet, OneNet allows for capacity in the hundreds or thousands of megabits per second. This extra bandwidth is needed for transferring unprocessed sensor data from sonar/radars, as well as video feeds from for example an engine room. The primary features and goals of OneNet are as follows: * NMEA 2000 data transfer over IPv6 in a standard format * High-bandwidth applications such as radar, video and more that are not possible via NMEA 2000 * Support Ethernet and TCP/IP at 1 gigabit and faster ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Networked Transport Of RTCM Via Internet Protocol
The Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) is a protocol for streaming differential GPS (DGPS) corrections over the Internet for real-time kinematic positioning. NTRIP is a generic, stateless protocol based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 and is enhanced for GNSS data streams. The specification is standardized by the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM). NTRIP was developed by the German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) and the Dortmund University Department of Computer Science. Ntrip was released in September 2004. The 2011 version of the protocol is version 2.0. NTRIP used to beThe "public version" of the protocol is missing all protocol details and examples, and refers to purchase the document from RTCM; it can be downloaded froBKG an open standard protocol but it is not available freely (as of 2020). There is an open source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standards Organizations In The United States
Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object that bears a defined relationship to a unit of measure used for calibration of measuring devices * Standard (timber unit), an obsolete measure of timber used in trade * Breed standard (also called bench standard), in animal fancy and animal husbandry * BioCompute Standard, a standard for next generation sequencing * ''De facto'' standard, product or system with market dominance * Gold standard, a monetary system based on gold; also used metaphorically for the best of several options, against which the others are measured * Internet Standard, a specification ratified as an open standard by the Internet Engineering Task Force * Learning standards, standards applied to education content * Standard displacement, a naval term describing the weig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications Organizations
Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that feasible with the human voice, but with a similar scale of expediency; thus, slow systems (such as postal mail) are excluded from the field. The transmission media in telecommunication have evolved through numerous stages of technology, from beacons and other visual signals (such as smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs), to electrical cable and electromagnetic radiation, including light. Such transmission paths are often divided into communication channels, which afford the advantages of multiplexing multiple concurrent communication sessions. ''Telecommunication'' is often used in its plural form. Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages, such as coded drumbea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
