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Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
Radasłaŭ Kazimiravič Astroŭski ( be, Радасла́ў Казі́міравіч Астро́ўскі; pl, Radosław Ostrowski; russian: Радосла́в Казими́рович Остро́вский ''Radoslav Kazimirovich Ostrovskiy''; 25 October 1887 – 17 October 1976) was a Byelorussian collaborator with Nazi Germany who served as president of the Belarusian Central Rada, a puppet Belarusian administration under German hegemony from 1943–1944, and in exile from 1948-1976. Early years Radasłaŭ Astroŭski was born on 25 October 1887 in the town of Zapolle, Slutsk Uyezd, Minsk Governorate. He studied at the Slutsk gymnasium, but was expelled for participating in the Russian Revolution of 1905–1907. In 1908 he was accepted to the mathematical faculty of Saint Petersburg University. In 1911, he was arrested for taking part in revolutionary riots and was imprisoned at Saint Petersburg and Pskov. After his release in 1912, he re-entered the university and later t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slutsk
Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population is 61,802. Slutsk is the administrative center of Slutsk District. Geography The city is situated in the south-west of its Region, north of Soligorsk. History Slutsk was first mentioned in writing in 1116. It was part of the Principality of Turov and Pinsk, but in 1160 it became the capital of a separate principality. From 1320–1330 it was part of the domain of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Later it was owned by the Olelkovich and Radziwiłł families, which transformed it into a center of the Polish Reformed Church with a gymnasium and a strong fortress. Following the 17th century, the city became famous for manufacturing kontusz belts, some of the most expensive and luxurious pieces of garment of the szlachta. Because of the popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slutsk Belarusian Gymnasium
Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population is 61,802. Slutsk is the administrative center of Slutsk District. Geography The city is situated in the south-west of its Region, north of Soligorsk. History Slutsk was first mentioned in writing in 1116. It was part of the Principality of Turov and Pinsk, but in 1160 it became the capital of a separate principality. From 1320–1330 it was part of the domain of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Later it was owned by the Olelkovich and Radziwiłł families, which transformed it into a center of the Polish Reformed Church with a gymnasium and a strong fortress. Following the 17th century, the city became famous for manufacturing kontusz belts, some of the most expensive and luxurious pieces of garment of the szlachta. Because of the pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Peasants' And Workers' Union
The Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union or the Hramada ( be, Беларуская Сялянска-Работніцкая Грамада ( Lacinka: ''Biełaruskaja Sialanska-Rabotnickaja Hramada''), pl, Białoruska Włościańsko-Robotnicza Hromada was a socialist agrarian political party created in 1925 by a group of Belarusian deputies to the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic that included Branislaw Tarashkyevich, Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski '' (be)'', Piotra Miatła '' (be)'', and the founder of ''Hramada'' Pavieł Vałošyn '' (be)''. '' o source of data provided' The group received logistical help from the Soviet Union, and financial aid from the Comintern. Ideology The main points of BPWU's program were: the democratic self-governance for West Belarus within Poland, introduction of an eight-hour working day, the recognition of the Belarusian language in Poland as a second official language, the cancellation of the "colonization of Belarus" by the Polish Osadniks, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (russian: link=no, Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ), ), usually known as Komsomol (; russian: Комсомол, links=no ()), a syllabic abbreviation of the Russian ), was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU". The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party. It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of West Belarus
The Communist Party of Western Belorussia ( pl, Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej Białorusi, KPZB; be, Камуністычная партыя Заходняй Беларусі, КПЗБ) was a banned political party in the Interwar Poland, active in the territory of present-day West Belarus from 1923 until 1939; in Polesie (1932–1933) Słonim county (1934) and Vilnius. History The party was founded in 1923 in Wilno by representatives of the Belarusian communist circles from Wilno, Białystok and Brest with logistical help from the Bolsheviks. Although its name, the Communist Party of Western Belarus, could suggest a desire for independence of Belarus, wrote historian Sergiusz Łukasiewicz, in reality the party aimed for the transfer of eastern provinces of Poland to the Soviet Union. As this constituted high treason, the party was illegalized by the Polish authorities. The party's political program included a socialist revolution in Poland and unification of Western Belorussi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Byelorussia
The Communist Party of Byelorussia (CPB; russian: Коммунистическая партия Белоруссии; be, Камуністычная партыя Беларусі) was the ruling communist party of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1922, that existed from 1917 to 1993. The party was founded in 1917 as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia (russian: Коммунистическая партия (большевиков) Белоруссии) following the Russian Revolution of 1917 as part of the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) led by Vladimir Lenin on December 30–31, 1918 with 17,800 members. It was important in creating the Byelorussian Soviet Republic in January 1919. From February 1919 until 1920 it functioned as a single organisation together with the Communist Party of Lithuania, known as the Communist Party (bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Belorussia. It was renamed to the ''Communist Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Gymnasium Of Vilnia
The Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia ( be, Віленская беларуская гімназія) was an important Belarusian school in Vilnius. Many notable Belarusian cultural figures of the 20th century graduated from the school. History The Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnius was founded in early 1919, by the allowance of the Council of Lithuania and functioned later during the Interbellum, when the city belonged to Poland. Prior to their retreat from the city to Kaunas, Lithuanians allowed opening of the gymnasium in the premises of the former Basilian monastery. The lessons started on 1 February 1919. In the first year of its existence the school also served as an Orphanage for children from surrounding regions. After the Soviet occupation of Republic of Lithuania in 1944 the school was closed down. It was reestablished after the Collapse of the USSR as the Francishak Skaryna Belarusian School of Vilnius. Teachers * Radasłaŭ Astroŭski, Principal from 1924 to 1936; former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of the First World War. The Second Republic ceased to exist in 1939, when Invasion of Poland, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of World War II, European theatre of the Second World War. In 1938, the Second Republic was the sixth largest country in Europe. According to the Polish census of 1921, 1921 census, the number of inhabitants was 27.2 million. By 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, this had grown to an estimated 35.1 million. Almost a third of the population came from minority groups: 13.9% Ruthenians; 10% Ashkenazi Jews; 3.1% Belarusians; 2.3% Germans and 3.4% Czechs and Lithuanians. At the same time, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Belarus
Western Belorussia or Western Belarus ( be, Заходняя Беларусь, translit=Zachodniaja Bielaruś; pl, Zachodnia Białoruś; russian: Западная Белоруссия, translit=Zapadnaya Belorussiya) is a historical region of modern-day Belarus which belonged to the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period. For twenty years before the 1939 invasion of Poland, it was the northern part of the Polish Kresy macroregion. Following the end of World War II in Europe, most of Western Belorussia was ceded to the Soviet Union by the Allies, while some of it, including Białystok, was given to the Polish People's Republic. Until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Western Belorussia formed the western part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). Today, it constitutes the west of modern Belarus. Created by the USSR after the conquest of Poland, the new western provinces of Byelorussian SSR acquired from Poland included Baranavichy, Belastok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slutsk Defence Action
The Slutsk uprising () or the Slutsk defence ( be, Слуцкі збройны чын, links=no, translit=Slucki zbrojny čyn) was an unsuccessful armed attempt to establish an independent Belarus. It took place in late 1920, near the end of the Polish-Soviet War, in the region of the town of Slutsk. It involved a series of clashes between irregular Belarusian forces loyal to the Belarusian People's Republic and the Soviet Red Army, ending in a Soviet victory. Prelude Peace of Riga The preliminary peace accord (later finalized in Peace of Riga), signed on October 12, 1920, set new borders between Poland and the Soviet Union, Soviet republics that divided modern Belarus and Ukraine in two parts. No Belarusian delegation was invited to the Riga congress — neither from the Belarusian Democratic Republic nor from the puppet Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. Due to the treaty, the demarcation line Kiyevichy-Lan lay in a way that the region of Slutsk, Belarus, stayed in a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raman Skirmunt
Raman (Roman) Skirmunt ( be, Раман Скірмунт; 7 May 1868 – 7 October 1939) was a Belarusian and Polesian statesman, aristocrat and landlord. Patron, significant landowner, vice-chairman (1907-1917, 1918-?) of the Minsk Agricultural Society. Deputy (1906) of the First State Duma of the Russian Empire; deputy (1910-1911) of the State Council of the Russian Empire from the Minsk province; (nominal) Prime Minister of the BNR (1918) — was not approved for the post of Prime Minister; senator of Poland (1930-1935). His cousin Konstanty Skirmunt was a notable Polish diplomat and minister of foreign affairs. Early years Raman Skirmunt was born in the village Parechcha in the Pinsky Uyezd of the Minsk Governorate (present-day Pinsk District of Belarus) in the family of Alexander Alexandrovich-Izidorovich Skirmunt (1830—1909), the representative of into the local noble family of the Catholic Lithuanian noble family of the Skirmunts. Roman Skyrmunt wrote about his orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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