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RUNX3
Runt-related transcription factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RUNX3'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the runt domain-containing family of transcription factors. A heterodimer of this protein and a beta subunit forms a complex that binds to the core DNA sequence 5'-YGYGGT-3' found in a number of enhancers and promoters, and can either activate or suppress transcription. It also interacts with other transcription factors. It functions as a tumor suppressor, and the gene is frequently deleted or transcriptionally silenced in cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In melanocytic cells RUNX3 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. Knockout mouse Runx3 null mouse gastric mucosa exhibits hyperplasia due to stimulated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in epithelial cells, and the cells are resistant to TGF-beta stimulation. The RUNX3 controversy In 2011 serious doubt was cast ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TLE1
Transducin-like enhancer protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLE1'' gene. Interactions TLE1 has been shown to interact with: * Glycoprotein 130, * HES6, * RUNX1, * RUNX3, * SIX3 * TLE2 Transducin-like enhancer protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLE2'' gene. Interactions TLE2 has been shown to interact with TLE1 and HES1 Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is en ..., and * UTY. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{PDB Gallery, geneid=7088 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runt Domain
The Runt domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. The AML1/RUNX1 gene is rearranged by the t(8;21) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia. The gene is highly similar to the ''Drosophila melanogaster'' segmentation gene runt and to the mouse transcription factor PEBP2 alpha subunit gene. The region of shared similarity, known as the Runt domain, is responsible for DNA-binding and protein-protein interaction. In addition to the highly conserved Runt domain, the AML-1 gene product carries a putative ATP-binding site (GRSGRGKS), and has a C-terminal region rich in proline and serine residues. The protein (known as acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein, oncogene AML-1, core-binding factor (CBF), alpha-B subunit, etc.) binds to the core site, 5'-pygpyggt-3', of a number of enhancers and promoters. The protein is a heterodimer of alpha- and beta-subunits. The alpha-subunit binds DNA as a monomer, and appears to have a role in the development of normal hematopoiesis. CBF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Core Binding Factor
The Core binding factor (CBF) is a group of heterodimeric transcription factors. Core binding factors are composed of: * a non- DNA-binding CBFβ chain (CBFB) * a DNA-binding CBFα chain (RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3) References * See also * AI-10-49 AI-10-49 is a small molecule inhibitor of leukemic oncoprotein CBFβ-SMHHC developed by the laboratory of John Bushweller (University of Virginia) with efficacy demonstrated by the laboratories of Lucio H. Castilla ( University of Massachusetts ..., an anti-leukemic drug under development. External links * Transcription factors {{genetics-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RUNX1
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) also known as acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1) or core-binding factor subunit alpha-2 (CBFA2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RUNX1'' gene. RUNX1 is a transcription factor that regulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells. In addition it plays a major role in the development of the neurons that transmit pain. It belongs to the Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family of genes which are also called core binding factor-α (CBFα). RUNX proteins form a heterodimeric complex with CBFβ which confers increased DNA binding and stability to the complex. Chromosomal translocations involving the ''RUNX1'' gene are associated with several types of leukemia including M2 AML. Mutations in ''RUNX1'' are implicated in cases of breast cancer. Gene and protein In humans, the gene RUNX1 is 260 kilobases (kb) in length, and is located on chromosome 21 (21q22.12). The gene can be t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RUNX2
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) also known as core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RUNX2'' gene. RUNX2 is a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation. It has also been suggested that Runx2 plays a cell proliferation regulatory role in cell cycle entry and exit in osteoblasts, as well as endothelial cells. Runx2 suppresses pre-osteoblast proliferation by affecting cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. In osteoblasts, the levels of Runx2 is highest in G1 phase and is lowest in S, G2, and M. The comprehensive cell cycle regulatory mechanisms that Runx2 may play are still unknown, although it is generally accepted that the varying activity and levels of Runx2 throughout the cell cycle contribute to cell cycle entry and exit, as well as cell cycle progression. These functions are especially important when discussing bone cancer, particularly osteosarcoma development, that can be a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 32 or bHLHe32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MITF'' gene. MITF is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor involved in lineage-specific pathway regulation of many types of cells including melanocytes, osteoclasts, and mast cells. The term "lineage-specific", since it relates to MITF, means genes or traits that are only found in a certain cell type. Therefore, MITF may be involved in the rewiring of signaling cascades that are specifically required for the survival and physiological function of their normal cell precursors. MITF, together with transcription factor EB (TFEB), TFE3 and TFEC, belong to a subfamily of related bHLHZip proteins, termed the MiT-TFE family of transcription factors. The factors are able to form stable DNA-binding homo- and heterodimers. The gene that encodes for MITF resides at the ''mi'' locus in mice, and its protumor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay. The average adult human loses between 50 and 70 billion cells each day due to apoptosis. For an average human child between eight and fourteen years old, approximately twenty to thirty billion cells die per day. In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's life cycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
