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Ruthenium(III) Fluoride
Ruthenium(III) fluoride is a fluoride of ruthenium, with the chemical formula of RuF3. Preparation Ruthenium(III) fluoride can be obtained from the reduction of ruthenium(V) fluoride by iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ... at 250 °C: :5 RuF5 + I2 -> 5 RuF3 + 2 IF5 Properties Ruthenium(III) fluoride is a dark brown solid that is insoluble in water. It has a space group of Rc (No. 167).M. A. Hepworth, K. H. Jack u. a.: ''The crystal structures of the trifluorides of iron, cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and iridium.'' In: ''Acta Crystallographica.'' 10, 1957, S. 63, . References {{Fluorides Ruthenium compounds Fluorides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(III) Chloride
Ruthenium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula RuCl3. "Ruthenium(III) chloride" more commonly refers to the hydrate RuCl3·''x''H2O. Both the anhydrous and hydrated species are dark brown or black solids. The hydrate, with a varying proportion of water of crystallization, often approximating to a trihydrate, is a commonly used starting material in ruthenium chemistry. Preparation and properties Anhydrous ruthenium(III) chloride is usually prepared by heating powdered ruthenium metal with chlorine. In the original synthesis, the chlorination was conducted in the presence of carbon monoxide, the product being carried by the gas stream and crystallising upon cooling. Two allotropes of RuCl3 are known. The black α-form adopts the CrCl3-type structure with long Ru-Ru contacts of 346 pm. This allotrope has honeycomb layers of Ru3+ which are surrounded with an octahedral cage of Cl− anions. The ruthenium cations are magnetic residing in a low-spin J~1/2 ground st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(III) Bromide
Ruthenium(III) bromide is a chemical compound of ruthenium and bromine with the formula RuBr3. It is a dark brown solid that decomposes above 400 °C. Preparation Ruthenium(III) bromide can be prepared by the reaction of ruthenium metal with bromine at high temperature and pressure (720 K and 20 bar): :2 Ru + 3 Br2 → 2 RuBr3 Structure The crystal structures of ruthenium(III) bromide contain parallel (RuBr3)∞ columns. The compound undergoes a phase transition In chemistry, thermodynamics, and other related fields, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of ... around 384 K (111 °C) from an ordered orthorhombic structure in space group ''Pnmm'' with alternating long and short Ru-Ru distances to a disordered hexagonal TiI3-like structure in space group ''P63/mcm'' with (on average) equal Ru-Ru distances. In the disordere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(III) Iodide
Ruthenium(III) iodide is a chemical compound containing ruthenium and iodine with the formula . It is a black solid. Preparation Ruthenium(III) iodide can be prepared in several ways. The reaction of ruthenium tetroxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid: : The thermal decomposition of pentaammineruthenium(III) iodide: : The salt metathesis reaction of hydrated ruthenium(III) chloride with potassium iodide in aqueous solution: : Direct combination of the elements has been reported to succeed under some conditions (350 °C) but not others (500 °C and 20 atm): : Structure Ruthenium(III) iodide adopts an extended structure with octahedral coordination geometry at ruthenium. There is some doubt about the characterisation of ruthenium(III) iodide and it may be an oxohalide In chemistry, molecular oxohalides (oxyhalides) are a group of chemical compounds in which both oxygen and halogen atoms are attached to another chemical element A in a single molecule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodium(III) Fluoride
Rhodium trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula RhF3. It is a red-brown, diamagnetic solid. Synthesis and structure The compound is prepared by fluorination of rhodium trichloride: :2 RhCl3 + 3 F2 → 2 RhF3 + 3 Cl2 According to X-ray crystallography, the compound adopts the same structure as vanadium trifluoride Vanadium(III) fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula V F3. This yellow-green, refractory solid is obtained in a two-step procedure from V2O3. Similar to other transition-metal fluorides (such as MnF2), it exhibits magnetic ordering a ..., wherein the metal achieves octahedral coordination geometry. References {{fluorine compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides Rhodium(III) compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(IV) Fluoride
Ruthenium(IV) fluoride is a binary inorganic compound of ruthenium and fluorine with the formula . Synthesis The compound was first prepared in 1963 by Holloway and Peacock, who obtained a yellow solid by reducing ruthenium pentafluoride with iodine, using iodine pentafluoride as a solvent. :: Subsequent studies have indicated that produced by this way is impure. The pure, pink compound was isolated for the first time in 1992 by reacting with at 20 °C in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, with strict exclusion of water and oxygen. This synthesis exploits the very strong fluoride ion accepting capabilities of the Lewis acid . :: Physical properties in the solid state is polymeric, with a three-dimensional structure of corrugated layers containing octahedra joined by shared fluorine atoms. The crystalline structure is similar to that of vanadium tetrafluoride and is monoclinic, space group ''P''21/''n'', with lattice constants a = 560.7 pm, b = 494.6 pm, and c =514.3 pm, β = 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(V) Fluoride
Ruthenium pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula RuF5. This green volatile solid has rarely been studied but is of interest as a binary fluoride of ruthenium, i.e. a compound containing only Ru and F. It is sensitive toward hydrolysis. Its structure consists of Ru4F20 tetramers, as seen in the isostructural platinum pentafluoride. Within the tetramers, each Ru adopts octahedral molecular geometry, with two bridging fluoride ligands. Ruthenium pentafluoride reacts with iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ... to give ruthenium(III) fluoride. References {{Fluorides Ruthenium compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(VI) Fluoride
Ruthenium hexafluoride, also ruthenium(VI) fluoride (RuF6), is a compound of ruthenium and fluorine and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides. Synthesis Ruthenium hexafluoride is made by a direct reaction of ruthenium metal in a gas stream of fluorine and argon at 400–450 °C. The yields of this reaction are less than 10%. : + 3 → Description Ruthenium hexafluoride is a dark brown crystalline solid that melts at 54 °C. The solid structure measured at −140 °C is orthorhombic space group ''Pnma''. Lattice parameters are ''a'' = 9.313 Å, ''b'' = 8.484 Å, and ''c'' = 4.910 Å. There are four formula units (in this case, discrete molecules) per unit cell, giving a density of 3.68 g·cm−3. The RuF6 molecule itself (the form important for the liquid or gas phase) has octahedral molecular geometry, which has point group ('' Oh''). The Ru–F bond length is 1.818 Å. References ''CR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluoride
Fluoride (). According to this source, is a possible pronunciation in British English. is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula (also written ), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes, and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin. Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature. Nomenclature Fluorides include compounds that contain ionic fluoride and those in which fluoride does not dissociate. The nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. Russian-born scientist of Baltic-German ancestry Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 at Kazan State University and named ruthenium in honor of Russian Empire, Russia. Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009Summary. Ruthenium platinum.matthey.com, p. 9 (2009) to some 35.5 tonnes in 2017. Most ruthenium produced is used in wear-resistant electrical contacts and thick-film resistors. A minor application for ruthenium is in platinu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Formula
In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and ''plus'' (+) and ''minus'' (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include Subscript and superscript, subscripts and superscripts. A chemical formula is not a chemical nomenclature, chemical name, and it contains no words. Although a chemical formula may imply certain simple chemical structures, it is not the same as a full chemical structural formula. Chemical formulae can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than chemical names and structural formulae. The simplest types of chemical formulae are called ''empirical formulae'', which use letters and numbers ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reduction (chemistry)
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate (chemistry), substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of Electron, electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. There are two classes of redox reactions: * ''Electron-transfer'' – Only one (usually) electron flows from the reducing agent to the oxidant. This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. * ''Atom transfer'' – An atom transfers from one substrate to another. For example, in the rusting of iron, the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide, and simultaneously the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons released by the iron. Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides, other chemical species can serve the same function. In hydrogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium(V) Fluoride
Ruthenium pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula RuF5. This green volatile solid has rarely been studied but is of interest as a binary fluoride of ruthenium, i.e. a compound containing only Ru and F. It is sensitive toward hydrolysis. Its structure consists of Ru4F20 tetramers, as seen in the isostructural platinum pentafluoride. Within the tetramers, each Ru adopts octahedral molecular geometry, with two bridging fluoride ligands. Ruthenium pentafluoride reacts with iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ... to give ruthenium(III) fluoride. References {{Fluorides Ruthenium compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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