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Ruijin Massacre
The Ruijin Massacre (simplified Chinese: 瑞金大屠杀; traditional Chinese: 瑞金大屠殺) was a series of massacres that took place in Ruijin and nearby counties in Jiangxi Province during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. From September 23 to early October, 1968, over 1,000 people were killed in the Ruijin Massacre; specifically, over 300 people were killed in Ruijin County, around 270 were killed in Xingguo County, and over 500 in Yudu County. Historical background Ruijin was the capital of the short-lived state Chinese Soviet Republic from 1931 to 1934, the year the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) fled the city and started the famous Long March. In May 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in mainland China. The Ruijin Massacre took place during the nationwide campaign of "Cleansing the Class Ranks". In August 1968, Cheng Shiqing, then provincial secretary of the CCP and governor of Jiangxi Province, launched the "Three Investigations Movement (三查运动/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruijin
Ruijin () is a county-level city of Ganzhou in the mountains bordering Fujian Province in the south-eastern part of Jiangxi Province. Formerly a county, Ruijin became a county-level city on May 18, 1994. It was an early center of Chinese communist activity. In the late-1920s, the Republic of China (ROC) forced the Communists out of the Jinggang Mountains. The Communists fled to Ruijin and the safety of its relative isolation in the rugged mountains along Jiangxi-Fujian border. In 1931, Mao Zedong founded the Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) with Ruijin as its capital; it was called Ruijing by the CSR. The Communist left in 1934 on the Long March after being surrounded again by the ROC. During the Cultural Revolution, the Ruijin Massacre in September and October 1968 killed over 300 people in the county. Ruijin is a popular destination for red tourism and ecotourism. It is a pilgrimage for Maoists from China and around the globe. Administrative divisions Ruijin City has 7 towns an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xingguo County
Xingguo County () is a County (People's Republic of China), county in south central Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of and located in the north of the prefecture-level city of Ganzhou, with a total area of . Its population was 719,830 at the 2010 census. History In 236 during the Three Kingdoms period Pingyang County was set up in the current area of Xingguo County. In 982 during the Song dynasty, Northern Song period the county of Xingguo was set up, named after the ''Taipingxingguo'' era (AD 976 – 984) of the Emperor Taizong of Song, emperor of that time. Administration As of end of 2019, Xingguo has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 17 townships and 1 economic development zone. The seat of the county locates at the Lianjiang Town. ;8 towns ;17 townships Geography Location Xingguo County locates in the central south of Jiangxi Province, and in the north of Ganzhou prefectural level city. The distance to the center of Ganzhou is about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cliff
In geography and geology, a cliff is an area of rock which has a general angle defined by the vertical, or nearly vertical. Cliffs are formed by the processes of weathering and erosion, with the effect of gravity. Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. Cliffs are usually composed of rock that is resistant to weathering and erosion. The sedimentary rocks that are most likely to form cliffs include sandstone, limestone, chalk, and dolomite. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff formed by the movement of a geologic fault, a landslide, or sometimes by rock slides or falling rocks which change the differential erosion of the rock layers. Most cliffs have some form of scree slope at their base. In arid areas or under high cliffs, they are generally exposed jumbles of fallen rock. In areas of higher moisture, a soil slope may obscure the talus. Many cliffs also fea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Militia
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel; or, historically, to members of a warrior-nobility class (e.g. knights or samurai). Generally unable to hold ground against regular forces, militias commonly support regular troops by skirmishing, holding fortifications, or conducting irregular warfare, instead of undertaking offensive campaigns by themselves. Local civilian laws often limit militias to serve only in their home region, and to serve only for a limited time; this further reduces their use in long military campaigns. Beginning in the late 20th century, some militias (in particular officially recognized and sanctioned militias of a government) act as professional forces, while still being "part-time" or "on-call" organizations. For instan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Brigade
A production brigade () was formerly the basic accounting and farm production unit in the people's commune system of the People's Republic of China. See also *Work unit *Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there a ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Production Brigade Cold War history of China Society of China Economic history of the People's Republic of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Team (China)
A production team () was formerly the basic accounting and farm production unit in the people's commune system in People's Republic of China from 1958 to 1984. Production teams were largely disbanded during the agricultural reforms of 1982–1985. In the administrative hierarchy, the team was the lowest level, the next higher levels being the production brigade and people's commune. Typically the team owned most of the land and was responsible for income distribution In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes eco .... Since 1984 production teams have been replaced by . See also Economic history of the People's Republic of China {{Gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Day Of The People's Republic Of China
National Day ( zh, s=国庆节, t=, p=guóqìng jié, l=national celebration day, links=yes), officially the National Day of the People's Republic of China (), is a public holiday in China celebrated annually on 1 October as the national day of the People's Republic of China, commemorating the formal proclamation of the establishment of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The Chinese Communist Party victory in the Chinese Civil War resulted in the Kuomintang "retreat" to Taiwan and the Chinese Communist Revolution whereby the People's Republic of China "replaced" the Republic of China. Although it is observed on 1 October, another six days are added to the official holiday, normally in lieu of the two weekend breaks around 1 October, making it a de facto public holiday comprising seven consecutive days also known as Golden Week ( zh, c=黄金周, p=huángjīn zhōu, labels=no) with specifics regulated by the State Council. Festivities and concerts are usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Commune
The people's commune () was the highest of three administrative levels in rural areas of the People's Republic of China during the period from 1958 to 1983, until they were replaced by townships. Communes, the largest collective units, were divided in turn into production brigades and production teams. The communes had governmental, political, and economic functions during the Cultural Revolution. The people's commune was commonly known for collectivizing living and working practices, especially during the Great Leap Forward. The scale of the commune and its ability to extract income from the rural population enabled commune administrations to invest in large-scale mechanization, infrastructure, and industrial projects. The communes did not, however, meet many of their long-term goals, such as facilitating the construction of socialism in the rural areas, liberating women from housework, and creating sustainable agriculture practices in the countryside. They ranged in number fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counter-revolutionary
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. The adjective "counter-revolutionary" pertains to movements that would restore the state of affairs, or the principles, that prevailed during a prerevolutionary era. Definition A counter-revolution is opposition or resistance to a revolutionary movement. It can refer to attempts to defeat a revolutionary movement before it takes power, as well as attempts to restore the old regime after a successful revolution. Europe France The word "counter-revolutionary" originally referred to thinkers who opposed themselves to the 1789 French Revolution, such as Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald or, later, Charles Maurras, the founder of the ''Action française'' monarchist movement. More recently, it has been used in France to describe political movements that reject the lega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleansing The Class Ranks
Cleansing the Class Ranks (Chinese: 清理阶级队伍), or Cleansing of Class Ranks Campaigns, was a political mass movement during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The primary purpose of the Cleansing movement was to eliminate "class enemies who have sneaked into the revolutionary organization", namely "traitors, spies, capitalist roaders, counter-revolutionaries and members of the Five Black Categories". The campaign particularly targeted purported supporters of Liu Shaoqi, who were referred to as "stubborn bourgeois power holders". On May 13, 1968, Yao Wenyuan submitted a document ("《北京新华印刷厂军管会发动群众开展对敌斗争的经验》", ''The experience of the Military Management Committee of Beijing Xinhua Printing Factory in mobilizing the masses to carry out the struggle against the enemy'') to Mao Zedong, in which Yao wrote "this document summarizes some of the policies in cleansing the class ranks". On May 19, Mao commented on the document, "Wenyuan: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mainland China
"Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. By convention, the territories that fall outside of the Chinese mainland include: * Hong Kong, a quasi-dependent territory under PRC rule that is officially designated a " Special Administrative Region of the PRC" (formerly a British colony) * Macau, a quasi-dependent territory under PRC rule that is officially designated a "Special Administrative Region of the PRC" (formerly a Portuguese colony) * Territories ruled by the Republic of China (ROC, commonly referred to as Taiwan), including the island of Taiwan, the Penghu (Pescadores) islands in the Taiwan Strait, and the islands Kinmen, Matsu, and Wuqiu (Kinmen) offshore of Fujian. Overseas Chinese, especially Malaysian Chinese and Chinese Singaporeans, use this term to describe p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March
The Long March (, lit. ''Long Expedition'') was a military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Red Army, Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the National Revolutionary Army, National Army of the Kuomintang, Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP/KMT). Strictly speaking, the Long March was a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. However, the most famous began in the Jiangxi (Jiangxi) province in October 1934 and ended in the Shaanxi province in October 1935. The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on the brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The CCP, under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over over 370 days.Zhang, Chunhou. Vaughan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
