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Rubina Berardo
Rubina Everlien Berardo (born 11 November 1982) is a Madeiran and Portuguese politician and pundit who was a Social Democratic Party (PSD) Member of the Assembly of the Republic for the constituency of Madeira between 2015 and 2019. Since February 2018, she is one of the vice-presidents of her party's parliamentary group in the Assembly of the Republic. Education She is an economist by training, having studied at the University of East Anglia (BA politics and economics, 2003), the London School of Economics (MSc European politics and governance, 2004), and at the Portuguese Military Academy, where she studied information warfare and competitive intelligence. Civil service career In Madeira Before being elected as a member of the Assembly of the Republic, Rubina Berardo worked as civil servant for the Regional Government of Madeira in the department European Affairs and External Cooperation since December 2005, a post she still holds. German diplomatic career Between 2012 an ...
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Funchal
Funchal () is the largest city, the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal's Madeira, Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its high cultural and historical value, Funchal is one of Portugal's main tourist attractions; it is also popular as a destination for New Year's Eve, and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings. Etymology The first settlers named their settlement Funchal after the abundant wild fennel that grew there. The name is formed from the Portuguese language, Portuguese word for fennel, ''funcho,'' and the suffix ''-al'', to denote "a plantation of fennel": History This settlement began around 1424, when the island was divided into two ''Captaincy, captaincies.'' The zones that would become the urbanized core of Funchal were founded by João Gonçalves Zarco who settled there with members of his family. Owing to its geograp ...
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Social Democratic Youth (Portugal)
Social Democratic Youth ( pt, Juventude Social Democrata) is the youth organisation of the Social Democratic Party of Portugal and it is commonly known by its initials, JSD. Founded by Francisco Sá Carneiro, the JSD has become an essential basis of the PSD itself. Its activity is recognized in election campaigns, with a crucial position in terms of mobilization and as a "laboratory of ideas of the party". While defending the values affirmed by the Social Democratic Party, the JSD is a structure with its own identity and, therefore, works in an autonomous manner in respect to the party. Nowadays, the JSD has mainly based his political activity in areas such as Education, Entrepreneurship, Employment, Housing, Environment, Addiction and Childhood Obesity. In addition to this, the JSD defends a constitutional review of the Portuguese Constitution, and advocates European integration, employment, culture and environment, generational issues in which the JSD focuses its intervention. ...
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Euthanasia
Euthanasia (from el, εὐθανασία 'good death': εὖ, ''eu'' 'well, good' + θάνατος, ''thanatos'' 'death') is the practice of intentionally ending life to eliminate pain and suffering. Different countries have different euthanasia laws. The British House of Lords select committee on medical ethics defines euthanasia as "a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering". In the Netherlands and Belgium, euthanasia is understood as "termination of life by a doctor at the request of a patient". The Dutch law, however, does not use the term 'euthanasia' but includes the concept under the broader definition of "assisted suicide and termination of life on request". Euthanasia is categorized in different ways, which include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary.
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Liberal Initiative (Portugal)
The Liberal Initiative ( pt, Iniciativa Liberal, , IL) is a liberalism, liberal list of political parties in Portugal, political party in Portugal currently led by João Cotrim de Figueiredo. In 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, the party 2019 Portuguese legislative election, won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament. The party ran in its 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal, first elections in 2019, for the European Parliament, supporting its first government coalition, at regional level, after the 2020 Azorean regional election. It currently has 8 elected members of the parliament out of a total of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament. It defends opposition to statism through liberalism, calling for a low tax burden and laissez-faire, defending respect for individual freedom, opposing socialism. Founders The Liberal Initiative arises from a dinner on December 23, 2015 between the founders Alexandre Krauss, Bruno Horta Soares and Rodrig ...
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Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes"
Partido, partidista and partidario may refer to: * Spanish for a political party, people who share political ideology or who are brought together by common issues Territorial subdivision * Partidos of Buenos Aires, the second-level administrative subdivision in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina * Partidos of Chile, a third-level subdivision in Colonial Chile below intendencias, also known as ''corregimientos'' * Judicial district, shortened from ''partido judicial'' in some Spanish-speaking countries * Partido (region) Partido () was a Spanish colonial term that referred to a governed local administrative region, roughly equivalent to today's municipality in terms of rural land areas included, and used in the Spanish colonies in the Americas during the time ..., a non-autonomous administrative region during the times of the Spanish Empire in the Americas Places * Partido, Dominican Republic, a town in Dajabón Province of the Dominican Republic {{Disambiguation ...
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Left Bloc (Portugal)
The Left Bloc ( pt, Bloco de Esquerda, ; abbr. BE, colloquially shortened as O Bloco) is a left-wing populist, democratic socialist political party in Portugal founded in 1999. It is currently led by Catarina Martins. History Formation and early history The Left Bloc was formed in March 1999 by the merger of the Marxist People's Democratic Union, Trotskyist Revolutionary Socialist Party, and the democratic socialist Politics XXI. It has had full party status since its founding, yet the constituent groups have maintained their existence as individual political associations, retaining some levels of autonomy in a loose structure. In the 1999 legislative election the BE polled at 2%. In 2002 this rose to 3%. First parliamentary representation In the 1999 election BE received 2.4% of the votes leading them to enter the Assembly of the Republic for the first time with 2 MPs for the Lisbon constituency. These representatives were Francisco Louçã and Fernando Rosas. In ...
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People–Animals–Nature
People–Animals–Nature ( pt, Pessoas-Animais-Natureza, PAN) is an environmentalist, animal rights and animal welfare focused political party in Portugal, founded in 2009. In 2015, they won one seat in the Assembly of the Republic.Legislativas 2015
. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
In 2019, they also won one seat in the , and increased their seat share to 4 in the Assembly (with 2 seats won in , 1 in

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2007 Portuguese Abortion Referendum
An abortion referendum took place in Portugal on 11 February 2007, to decide whether to legalise abortion up to ten weeks. The referendum was the fulfillment of an election pledge by the governing Socialist Party of Prime Minister José Sócrates.Portugal will legalise abortion
" (12 February 2007). BBC News. Retrieved 12 February 2007.
Official results of the referendum showed that 59.24% of the Portuguese approved the proposal put on ballot, while 40.76% rejected it. However, only 43.61% of the registered voters turned out to vote. Since voter turnout was below 50%, according to the Portuguese Constitution, these results are not legally binding, and parliament can legally decide to disregard them. Prime Minister Sócrates nevertheless confirmed that he would expand the circumstances under which abortion was allowed, sin ...
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Anti-abortion Movements
Anti-abortion movements, also self-styled as pro-life or abolitionist movements, are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality. Many anti-abortion movements began as countermovements in response to the legalization of elective abortions. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. Europe In Europe, abortion law varies by country, and has been legalized through parliamentary acts in some countries, and constitutionally banned or heavily restricted in others. In Western Europe this has had the effect at once of both more closely regulating the use of abortion, and at the same time mediating and reducing the impact anti-abortion campaigns have had on the law. France The first specifically anti-abortion organization in France, Laissez-les-vivre-SOS futures mères, was created in 1971 during the debate that was to lead to the Veil Law in 1975. Its main spokesman was the geneticist Jér ...
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Civil Rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression. Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life, and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as sex, race, sexual orientation, national origin, color, age, political affiliation, ethnicity, social class, religion, and disability; and individual rights such as privacy and the freedom of thought, speech, religion, press, assembly, and movement. Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of associati ...
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Surrogacy
Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to delivery/labour for another person or people, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, when pregnancy risks are dangerous for the intended mother, or when a single man or a male couple wish to have a child. In surrogacy arrangements, monetary compensation may or may not be involved. Receiving money for the arrangement is known as commercial surrogacy. The legality and cost of surrogacy varies widely between jurisdictions, sometimes resulting in problematic international or interstate surrogacy arrangements. Couples seeking a surrogacy arrangement in a country where it is banned sometimes travel to a jurisdiction that permits it. In some countries, surrogacy is legal only if money does not exchange hands. Where commercial surrogacy is legal, couples may use the help of third-party agencies to a ...
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LGBT Adoption
Same-sex adoption is the adoption of children by Same-sex relationship, same-sex couples. It may take the form of a joint adoption by the couple, or of the adoption by one partner of the other's biological child (stepchild adoption). Joint adoption by same-sex couples is permitted in most countries and territories that allow same-sex marriage, as well as in several countries and dependent territories that do not: namely Croatia, Israel, Liechtenstein, Bermuda and the Cayman Islands. (In some of the countries with marriage, legislation for adoption preceded that for marriage.) However, only stepchild adoption is permitted in Taiwan (though since 2022 there is court precedent for joint adoption), and not even that is allowed in Ecuador, which has a constitutional ban. Adoption is only permitted for same sex married couples in 21 of the 31 Mexican states and Mexico City, despite a Supreme Court ruling that requires states to allow it. Stepchild adoption is permitted for same-sex c ...
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