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Route Choice (orienteering)
Route choice is a tactic in orienteering and related sports such as rogaining and adventure racing. These sports involve navigation from one control point to the next and, in most cases, the choice of route is left to the competitor. This is provided the rules permit route choice and the course is designed so that a choice ''exists''. In trail orienteering and European style mounted orienteering route choice is not permitted. In United States style foot orienteering, route choice is absent from White courses, limited in Yellow courses, and a crucial element in the design of more advanced courses. Given a choice of route, the competitor evaluates trade-offs among such factors as distance, amount of "climb" (vertical movement), degree and extent of "fight" (travel through obstructing vegetation), mode of travel, technical difficulty, and the competitor's own preferences. Among orienteering sports, route choice has varied importance. It is arguably the single most important tact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tactic (method)
A tactic is a conceptual action or short series of actions with the aim of achieving a short-term goal. This action can be implemented as one or more specific tasks. The term is commonly used in business, protest and military contexts, as well as in chess, sports or other Competition, competitive activities. The word originated from the Ancient Greek ''taktike'', meaning ''art of arrangement''. Distinction from strategy A strategy is a set of guidelines used to achieve an overall objective, whereas tactics are the specific actions aimed at adhering to those guidelines. Military usage In military usage, a military tactic is used by a military unit of no larger than a Division (military), division to implement a specific mission and achieve a specific objective, or to advance toward a specific Targeting (warfare), target. The terms tactic and strategy are often confused: tactics are the actual means used to gain an objective, while strategy is the overall campaign plan, which may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPS Tracking
A GPS tracking unit, geotracking unit, satellite tracking unit, or simply tracker is a navigation device normally on a vehicle, asset, person or animal that uses satellite navigation to determine its movement and determine its WGS84 UTM geographic position (geotracking) to determine its location. Satellite tracking devices send special satellite signals that are processed by a receiver. Locations are stored in the tracking unit or transmitted to an Internet-connected device using the cellular network (GSM/ GPRS/CDMA/ LTE or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit or WiFi work worldwide. GPS antenna size limits tracker size, often smaller than a half-dollar (diameter 30.61 mm). In 2020 tracking is a $2 billion business plus military-in the gulf war 10% or more targets used trackers. Virtually every cellphone tracks its movements. Tracks can be map displayed in real time, using GPS tracking software and devices with GPS capability. Architecture A GPS "track me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Travel Behavior
Travel behavior is the study of what people do over geography, and how people use transport. Questions studied The questions studied in travel behavior are broad, and are probed through activity and time-use research studies, and surveys of travelers designed to reveal attitudes, behaviors and the gaps between them in relation to the sociological and environmental impacts of travel. * How many trips do people make? * Where do they go? (What is the destination?) * What mode do they take? * Who accompanies whom? * When is the trip made? What is the schedule? * What is the sequence or pattern of trips? * What route choices do people make? * Why do people travel? (Why can't people stay at home and remote work or teleshop?) * To what degree are people aware of the environmental and climate impacts of their travel choices? * To what degree and how do people rationalize the environmental and climate impacts causes by their travel? * Where changes in travel behavior would be beneficial t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routing
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet. In packet switching networks, routing is the higher-level decision making that directs network packets from their source toward their destination through intermediate network nodes by specific packet forwarding mechanisms. Packet forwarding is the transit of network packets from one network interface to another. Intermediate nodes are typically network hardware devices such as routers, gateways, firewalls, or switches. General-purpose computers also forward packets and perform routing, although they have no specially optimized hardware for the task. The routing process usually directs forwarding on the basis of routing tables. Routing tables maintain a record of the routes to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passage Planning
Passage planning or voyage planning is a procedure to develop a complete description of a vessel's voyage from start to finish. The plan includes leaving the dock and harbor area, the ''en route'' portion of a voyage, approaching the destination, and mooring, the industry term for this is 'berth to berth'. According to international law, a vessel's captain is legally responsible for passage planning, The duty of passage planning is usually delegated to the ship's navigation officer, typically the second officer on merchant ships. Studies show that human error is a factor in 80 percent of navigational accidents and that in many cases the human making the error had access to information that could have prevented the accident. The practice of voyage planning has evolved from penciling lines on nautical charts to a process of risk management. Planning stages Passage planning consists of four stages: appraisal, planning, execution, and monitoring. These stages are specified in '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Route Assignment
Route assignment, route choice, or traffic assignment concerns the selection of routes (alternative called paths) between origins and destinations in transportation networks. It is the fourth step in the conventional transportation forecasting model, following trip generation, trip distribution, and mode choice. The zonal interchange analysis of trip distribution provides origin-destination trip tables. Mode choice analysis tells which travelers will use which mode. To determine facility needs and costs and benefits, we need to know the number of travelers on each route and link of the network (a route is simply a chain of links between an origin and destination). We need to undertake traffic (or trip) assignment. Suppose there is a network of highways and transit systems and a proposed addition. We first want to know the present pattern of traffic delay and then what would happen if the addition were made. General Approaches Long-standing techniques The problem of estima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, Mobility (military), mobility, protection or security, and Shock tactics, shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the military strategy, strategic and Operational level of war, operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated Combat arms, fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks. Tactical functions Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michal Smola
Michal Smola (born 21 December 1981) is a Czech orienteering competitor, silver medalist from the world championships, and junior world champion. He became Junior World Champion in the ''short distance'' in Nove Mesto na Morave in 2000, and with the Czech team in ''relay'' in 2000 and in 2001.Junior World Orienteering Championships – ''International Orienteering Federation'' (Retrieved on 17 July 2008) – World of O Runners (Retrieved on 17 July 2008) His best achievement by September 2009 is silver medal in the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anders Nordberg
Anders Nordberg (born 17 February 1978) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor. He received a bronze medal at the 2004 World Orienteering Championship, and again a bronze medal in 2007.World Orienteering Championship, senior statistics 1966-2006 (Retrieved on February 5, 2008) He finished second in the overall World Cup 2007. Biography Nordberg was born in , a small town of 50,000 people in |
Thierry Gueorgiou
Thierry Gueorgiou (; born 30 March 1979) is a French orienteer who has won more than 20 gold medals in international competitions, including the World Orienteering Championships (WOC) middle distance event eight times: 2003–2005, 2007–2009, 2011 and 2017. In November 2016 it was announced he will become the Swedish national team head coach following the 2017 World Championships. Clubs Gueorgiou runs for two orienteering clubs, the French NO St-Etienne and the Finnish Kalevan Rasti. With Kalevan Rasti he has won the Jukola Relay five times (2004, 2005, 2007, 2013 and 2014). Running for Fédération Française de Course d'Orientation, he made his senior international debut at WOC 1997 in Grimstad, Norway, at the age of 18. World Orienteering Championships After his Debut in 1997, it took Gueorgiou 6 years to achieve his first medal. Gueorgiou has said that this was his hardest period in orienteering. in 2001 Gueorgiou came 19th in the Short distance after a near perfect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Johansson (orienteer, Born 1984)
Martin Johansson (born 26 September 1984) is a Swedish orienteering, ski-orienteering, and cross-country skiing competitor, a medallist at the orienteering world championships, and a 2004 Junior World Champion in relay. He received bronze medals in sprint at the World Orienteering Championships in Kyiv 2007 and Olomouc 2008.World Orienteering Championships – ''International Orienteering Federation'' (Retrieved on 19 July 2008) – World of O Runners (Retrieved on 19 July 2008) His brother, |
World Orienteering Championships
The World Orienteering Championships (or WOC for short) is an annual orienteering event organized by the International Orienteering Federation. The first World Championships was held in Fiskars, Finland in 1966. They were held biennially up to 2003 (with the exception of 1978 and 1979). Since 2003, competitions have been held annually. Participating nations have to be members of the International Orienteering Federation (IOF). Originally, there were only two competitions: an individual race and a relay. In 1991, a short distance race (roughly 20–25 minutes) was added and a sprint race was added in 2001. The middle distance (roughly 30–35 minutes) replaced the short distance in 2003. In 2014, a sprint relay was added with two men and two women participating and with starting order woman-man-man-woman. History The IOF was founded on 21 May 1961 at a Congress held in Copenhagen, Denmark by the orienteering national federations of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the Federal Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
