Roundness (other)
Roundness is the measure of how closely the shape of an object approaches that of a circle. It may also refer to: *Roundness (geology), the roundness of clastic particles * Roundness (handwriting), the sharpness of handwriting patterns See also * Roundedness * Round (other) Round or rounds may refer to: Mathematics and science * The contour of a closed curve or surface with no sharp corners, such as an ellipse, circle, rounded rectangle, cant, or sphere * Rounding, the shortening of a number to reduce the numbe ...

Roundness
Roundness is the measure of how closely the shape of an object approaches that of a mathematically perfect circle. Roundness applies in two-dimensional space, two dimensions, such as the cross section (geometry), cross sectional circles along a cylinder, cylindrical object such as a shaft (mechanical engineering), shaft or a rolling-element bearing#Cylindrical roller, cylindrical roller for a bearing. In geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, control of a cylinder can also include its fidelity to the longitudinal axis, yielding cylindricity. The analogue of roundness in three-dimensional space, three dimensions (that is, for spheres) is sphericity. Roundness is dominated by the shape's gross features rather than the definition of its edges and corners, or the surface roughness of a manufactured object. A smooth ellipse can have low roundness, if its eccentricity (mathematics), eccentricity is large. Regular polygons increase their roundness with increasing numbers of sides, even ...
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Roundness (geology)
Roundness is the degree of smoothing due to abrasion of sedimentary particles. It is expressed as the ratio of the average radius of curvature of the edges or corners to the radius of curvature of the maximum inscribed sphere. Measure of roundness Rounding, roundness or angularity are terms used to describe the shape of the corners on a particle (or clast) of sediment. Such a particle may be a grain of sand, a pebble, cobble or boulder. Although roundness can be numerically quantified, for practical reasons geologists typically use a simple visual chart with up to six categories of roundness: *Very angular: corners sharp and jagged *Angular *Sub-angular *Sub-rounded *Rounded *Well-rounded: corners completely rounded This six-fold category characterisation is used in the Shepard and Young comparison chart and the Powers chart but the Krumbein chart has nine categories. Rounding of sediment particles can indicate the distance and time involved in the transportation of the ...
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Roundness (handwriting)
The roundness or sharpness of handwriting patterns is caused by the phase of the horizontal and vertical pen-tip movements. The velocity signal components of these movements, which are virtually sinusoidal in shape, have a phase delay close to 90 degrees for very round handwriting. The correlation between Vx(t) and Vy(t) will be low. Sharp handwriting is characterized by a much higher correlation between the horizontal and vertical velocity signal, and a corresponding smaller phase delay. See also * Graphonomics Graphonomics is the interdisciplinary field directed towards the scientific analysis of the handwriting process, product, and other graphic skills., Researchers in handwriting recognition, forensic handwriting examination, kinesiology, psychol ... References Penmanship {{calligraphy-stub ...
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Roundedness
In phonetics, vowel roundedness is the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel. It is labialization of a vowel. When a ''rounded'' vowel is pronounced, the lips form a circular opening, and ''unrounded'' vowels are pronounced with the lips relaxed. In most languages, front vowels tend to be unrounded, and back vowels tend to be rounded. However, some languages, such as French, German and Icelandic, distinguish rounded and unrounded front vowels of the same height (degree of openness), and Vietnamese distinguishes rounded and unrounded back vowels of the same height. Alekano has only unrounded vowels. In the International Phonetic Alphabet vowel chart, rounded vowels are the ones that appear on the right in each pair of vowels. There are also diacritics, and , to indicate greater and lesser degrees of rounding, respectively. Thus has less rounding than cardinal , and has more (closer to the rounding of cardinal ). These diacritics can also be used ...
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