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Roth Greeting Cards V. United Card Co.
''Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.'', 429 F.2d 1106 (9th Cir. 1970), was a Ninth Circuit case involving the copyright of greeting cards that introduced the "total concept and feel" standard for determining substantial similarity. Courts used this test in later cases such as '' Reyher v. Children's Television Workshop'' (1976). Background Roth Greeting Cards was engaged in the greeting card business. The company's writer would come up with ideas for the wording, which the president would review. If an idea was accepted, the president would make a rough sketch of the card design with notes on the artwork, which would be developed by the company artist, reviewed and refined until the card was ready to be printed and distributed to stores for sale. United Card Co had a similar approach, but at the time of the alleged infringement did not have a writer. The president and vice-president of United Card Co came up with ideas, and the vice-president made the pictures. District cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (in case citations, 9th Cir.) is the U.S. federal court of appeals that has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts: * District of Alaska * District of Arizona * Central District of California * Eastern District of California * Northern District of California * Southern District of California * District of Hawaii * District of Idaho * District of Montana * District of Nevada * District of Oregon * Eastern District of Washington * Western District of Washington The Ninth Circuit also has appellate jurisdiction over the territorial courts for the District of Guam and the District of the Northern Mariana Islands. Additionally, it sometimes handles appeals that originate from American Samoa, which has no district court and partially relies on the District of Hawaii for its federal cases.https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-1124T GAO (U.S. Government Accountabil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick George Hamley
Frederick George Hamley (October 24, 1903 – May 5, 1975) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Education and career Born in Seattle, Washington, Hamley received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Washington, and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Washington School of Law in 1932. He was in private practice in Seattle from 1932 to 1938, when he became Superintendent of the Seattle Water Department, and then an assistant district counsel for the United States Bureau of Reclamation for the Grand Coulee Dam from 1938 to 1940. He was a special assistant state attorney general and legal advisor to the Governor of Washington from 1940 to 1941. He was Director of the Department of Public Service for the State of Washington from 1941 to 1943. He was an assistant general solicitor for the National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners from 1943 to 1945, and was then the general solicitor o that org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montgomery Oliver Koelsch
Montgomery Oliver Koelsch (March 5, 1912 – September 1, 1992) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Education and career Born in Boise, Idaho, Koelsch received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, in 1932 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Washington School of Law in 1935. He was an attorney in private practice in Idaho in Boise from 1936 to 1950 and served as assistant prosecutor for Ada County, Idaho from 1939 to 1945. Koelsch then served as a state judge in the third district from 1951 to 1959, filling a vacancy after his father Charles (1872–1965) retired from the bench. Federal judicial service Koelsch was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on September 12, 1959, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit vacated by Judge James Alger Fee. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 14, 1959, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Kilkenny
John Francis Kilkenny (October 26, 1901 – February 17, 1995) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. Early life Kilkenny's father and uncle immigrated to Morrow County, Oregon, from County Leitrim in Ireland in the 1890s. They worked for the railroads until they had saved enough money to buy land. John Kilkenny was born in Heppner, Oregon on October 26, 1901. He was raised on a sheep farm and attended the one-room Alpine School before being sent to Portland, Oregon, where he attended the private boys' boarding school Columbia Preparatory. After graduation, Kilkenny went on to the Notre Dame Law School, graduating in 1925 with ''cum laude'' honors earning a Bachelor of Laws. At Notre Dame, Kilkenny tried out for the football team, then coached by Knute Rockne, but a knee injury kept him from playing. He helped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substantial Similarity
Substantial similarity, in US copyright law, is the standard used to determine whether a defendant has infringed the reproduction right of a copyright. The standard arises out of the recognition that the exclusive right to make copies of a work would be meaningless if copyright infringement were limited to making only exact and complete reproductions of a work. Many courts also use "substantial similarity" in place of "probative" or "striking similarity" to describe the level of similarity necessary to prove that copying has occurred. A number of tests have been devised by courts to determine substantial similarity. They may rely on expert or lay observation or both and may subjectively judge the feel of a work or critically analyze its elements. Substantial similarity in copyright infringement To win a claim of copyright infringement in civil or criminal court, a plaintiff must show he or she owns a valid copyright, the defendant actually copied the work, and the level of copyin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
See V
See or SEE may refer to: * Sight - seeing Arts, entertainment, and media * Music: ** ''See'' (album), studio album by rock band The Rascals *** "See", song by The Rascals, on the album ''See'' ** "See" (Tycho song), song by Tycho * Television ** "See" (''Preacher''), episode of television series ''Preacher'' ** ''See'' (TV series), series on Apple TV+ * ''See Magazine'', alternative weekly newspaper in Edmonton, 1992 to 2011 Education * School of Experiential Education, Toronto alternative school * Stanford Engineering Everywhere, Stanford University online-course series * Student Excellence Expo * Secondary Education Examination (Nepal) Manual language schemata * Seeing Essential English (SEE1) * Signing Exact English (SEE2) Organisations * Society for Environment and Education * Special Enrollment Examination, U.S. Internal Revenue Service series * Standard error of the equation, statistical method Religion * Episcopal see, domain of a bishop * Holy See, central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMS Entertainment / Heat Music LLC V
BMS may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Be-Music Source, a computer file format and Beatmania simulating game system * Bristol Motor Speedway, Tennessee, US * '' Blue Mountain State'', a television series * Bibliography of Music Literature (BMS or BMS online) * Banco del Mutuo Soccorso, a rock band * Benchmark Sims, a gaming community who authored the ''Falcon BMS'' modification to upgrade the original ''Falcon 4.0'' combat flight simulator Corporations and organizations * Bayer MaterialScience, the former name of the materials science company Covestro * Bemis Company (New York Stock Exchange symbol) * BBK BMS, a Danish basketball club * Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh, a trade union organisation in India * BMS Scuderia Italia, an Italian racing team * BMS World Mission, a Christian missionary society * British Mycological Society, to promote the study of fungi * Bristol Myers Squibb, a pharmaceutical and health products company * Boston Microtonal Society, US Education * Bachelor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Copyright Case Law
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965-19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 In United States Case Law
Year 197 ( CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town. * Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius. * Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
