Rotary Valve
A rotary valve (also called rotary-motion valve) is a type of valve in which the rotation of a passage or passages in a transverse plug regulates the flow of liquid or gas through the attached pipes. The common stopcock is the simplest form of rotary valve. Rotary valves have been applied in numerous applications, including: * Changing the pitch of brass instruments. * Controlling the steam and exhaust ports of steam engines, most notably in the Corliss steam engine. * Periodically reversing the flow of air and fuel across the open hearth furnace. * Loading sample on chromatography columns. * Certain types of two-stroke and four-stroke engines. * Most hydraulic automotive power steering control valves. Use in brass instruments In the context of brass instruments, Brass instrument valve#Rotary valve, rotary valves are found on French horn, horns, trumpets, trombones, flugelhorns, and tubas. The cornet derived from the posthorn, by applying rotary valves to it in the 1820s in Fran ...
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Brass Instrument Rotary Valve Diagram
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally copper and zinc. In use since prehistoric times, it is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure. Brass is similar to bronze, a copper alloy that contains tin instead of zinc. Both bronze and brass may include small proportions of a range of other Chemical element, elements including arsenic, lead, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese and silicon. Historically, the distinction between the two alloys has been less consistent and clear, and increasingly museums use the more general term "list of copper alloys, copper alloy". Brass has long been a popular material for its bright gold-like appearance and is still used for drawer pulls and door handle, doorknobs. It has also been widely used to ma ...
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Trumpet
The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz musical ensemble, ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet—with the highest Register (music), register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet, pitched one octave below the standard B or C trumpet. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to the 2nd Millenium BC. They began to be used as musical instruments only in the late 14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, appearing in orchestras, concert bands, chamber music groups, and jazz ensembles. They are also common in popular music and are generally included in school bands. Sound is produced by vibrating the lips in a mouthpiece, which starts a standing wave in the air column of the instrument. Since the late 15th century, trumpets have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular ...
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Darracq Rotary-valve Engine Animation
STD Motors, formerly Darracq & Company, was a French manufacturer of motor vehicles and aero engines based in Suresnes near Paris. The French enterprise, known at first as Automobiles Darracq France, A. Darracq et Cie, was founded in 1896 by Alexandre Darracq after he sold his Gladiator Bicycle business. In 1903 Darracq sold the business to A Darracq and Company Limited of England, taking a substantial shareholding himself. Darracq continued to run the business from Paris until retiring to the Côte d'Azur in 1913 following years of financial difficulties. He had introduced an unproven unorthodox engine in 1911 which proved a complete failure yet he neglected Suresnes' popular conventional products. In 1920, A Darracq & Co was rebranded as STD Motors. In 1922 the Darracq name was dropped from all products, the Suresnes business was renamed Automobiles Talbot and the Suresnes products were branded just Talbot. The Suresnes business continued, still under British control, under th ...
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Itala Rotary Valve Cooling
Itala may refer to: *Itala (company), an Italian car manufacturer ** Itala Special, a special custom-built Grand Prix race car * Itala (given name), an Italian given name * Itala, Sicily, a municipality in Sicily *Itala Film, an Italian film company * Itala Game Reserve, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa * a term for the Vetus Latina or "Old Latin" translation of the Bible * Adale, formerly Itala, a city in Somalia See also * Jaakko Itälä (1933–2017), Finnish politician * Ville Itälä, a Finnish politician *Italia (other) *Italo (other) Italo may refer to: *Italo-, a prefix indicating a relation to Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that e ...

Itala Rotary Valve Strokes
Itala may refer to: *Itala (company), an Italian car manufacturer **Itala Special, a special custom-built Grand Prix race car *Itala (given name), an Italian given name *Itala, Sicily, a municipality in Sicily *Itala Film, an Italian film company *Itala Game Reserve, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa * a term for the Vetus Latina or "Old Latin" translation of the Bible *Adale, formerly Itala, a city in Somalia See also * Jaakko Itälä (1933–2017), Finnish politician *Ville Itälä, a Finnish politician *Italia (other) *Italo (other) Italo may refer to: *Italo-, a prefix indicating a relation to Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that e ...

Yamaha Contrabass Tuba YBB-641
Yamaha may refer to: People * Torakusu Yamaha, a Japanese businessman and founder of the Yamaha Corporation Companies * Yamaha Corporation, a Japanese musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer ** Yamaha Music Foundation, an organization established by Yamaha Corporation ** Yamaha Pro Audio, a Yamaha division specializing in products for the professional audio market * Yamaha Motor Company, a Japanese mobility manufacturer, spun off from Yamaha Corporation ** Yamaha Motor Racing, the MotoGP factory team of Yamaha Motor Company Other uses * Shizuoka Blue Revs, formerly Yamaha Júbilo, a Japanese rugby team * Yamaha Stadium is a football stadium located in Iwata, Shizuoka, Iwata City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, owned by Yamaha Motors, next to whose plant it is located, and was purpose-designed for use with association football, soccer and rugby union. It is the h ...

Arizona State University
Arizona State University (Arizona State or ASU) is a public university, public research university in Tempe, Arizona, United States. Founded in 1885 as Territorial Normal School by the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, the university is one of the List of United States university campuses by enrollment, largest public universities by enrollment in the United States. It was one of about 180 "normal schools" founded in the late 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed, but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century, then state universities in the late 20th century. One of three universities governed by the Arizona Board of Regents, Arizona State University is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU) and is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity". ASU has over 183,000 st ...
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Hagmann Valve
The Hagmann Free-Flow Valve is a trademarked brass instrument valve design developed by Swiss musician and instrument technician René Hagmann, first introduced for trombone F attachments in 1990. His intention was to address some of the geometrical limitations of the regular rotary valve, as well as the reliability and maintenance issues of the popular Thayer axial flow valve that arise from its relatively complex design. Construction A standard rotary valve has a rotor with two valve ports, which deflect the air flow through a 90° turn when engaged. While this does not substantially affect the sound of instruments like the French horn or tuba, which already have many sharp bends in the tubing, the characteristic sound of the trombone is partly due to its long straight air flow. The valve ports in rotary valves require a small radius 90° bend or "knuckle" shape. This causes increased acoustic impedance, and therefore frequency dampening effects of some harmonics, dependi ...
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Axial Flow Valve
The axial flow valve, or Thayer valve, is a brass instrument valve design patented in 1978 by American inventor Orla Ed Thayer. Designed with assistance from instrument maker Zigmant Kanstul, it was originally intended to replace the traditional rotary valve on the French horn, but instead revolutionized the design of trombone valve attachments. Combined with open-wrap tubing, it eliminates the impedance caused by tight tubing bends, improving the airflow through the instrument and the open "feel" perceived by the player. Problem When engaged, a rotary valve deflects the air flow through extra valve tubing, using tight, small radius bends of at least 90° angles, leading to a stuffy response and audible tone colour changes, compared to the "open" instrument. These drawbacks are especially noticeable on the trombone, since its characteristic timbre results directly from its cylindrical bore and almost straight construction with only two bends (not counting the valve tubing). ...
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F Attachment
The trombone (, Italian, French: ''trombone'') is a musical instrument in the Brass instrument, brass family. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player's lips vibrate inside a mouthpiece, causing the Standing wave, air column inside the instrument to vibrate. Nearly all trombones use a telescoping slide mechanism to alter the Pitch (music), pitch instead of the brass instrument valve, valves used by other brass instruments. The valve trombone is an exception, using three valves similar to those on a trumpet, and the superbone has valves and a slide. The word "trombone" derives from Italian ''tromba'' (trumpet) and ''-one'' (a suffix meaning "large"), so the name means "large trumpet". The trombone has a predominantly cylindrical bore like the trumpet, in contrast to the more conical brass instruments like the cornet, the flugelhorn, the Baritone horn, baritone, and the euphonium. The most frequently encountered trombones are the tenor trombone and bass tr ...
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Piston Valve
A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a fluid or gas along a tube or pipe by means of the linear motion of a piston within a chamber or cylinder. Examples of piston valves are: * The valves used in many brass instruments * The valves used for pneumatic propulsion * The valves used in many stationary steam engines and steam locomotives Brass instruments Cylindrical piston valves called Périnet valves (after their inventor François Périnet) are used to change the length of tube in the playing of most brass instruments, particularly the trumpet-like members of the family ( cornet, flugelhorn, saxhorn, etc.). Other brass instruments use rotary valves, notably the orchestral horns and many tuba models, but also a number of rotary-valved variants of those brass instruments which more commonly employ piston valves. The first piston-valved musical instruments were developed just after the start of the 19th century. The Stölzel valve (invented by H ...
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Posthorn
The post horn is a valveless cylindrical brass instrument with a cupped mouthpiece. The instrument was used to signal the arrival or departure of a post rider or mail coach. It was used by postilions of the 18th and 19th centuries. Use and construction The post horn is sometimes confused with the coach horn, and even though the two types of horn served the same principal purpose, they differ in their physical appearance. The post horn has a cylindrical bore and was generally used on a coach pulled by two horses (technically referred to as "Tonga"); hence, it is sometimes also called the Tonga horn. The coach horn, on the other hand, has a conical bore and was used on a coach pulled by four horses (referred to as a "four-in-hand"). The post horn is no more than in length, whereas the coach horn can be up to long. The latter has more of a funnel-shaped bell, while the former's bell is trumpet-shaped. Post horns need not be straight but can be coiled—they have a smaller bore—a ...
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