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Rosa's Law
Rosa's Law is a United States law which replaced several instances of "mental retardation" in law with "intellectual disability". The bill was introduced as S.2781 in the United States Senate on November 17, 2009, by Barbara Mikulski ( D- MD). It passed the Senate unanimously on August 5, 2010, then the House of Representatives on September 22, and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on October 5. The law is named for Rosa Marcellino, a girl with Down syndrome who was nine years old when it became law, and who, according to President Barack Obama, "worked with her parents and her siblings to have the words 'mentally retarded' officially removed from the health and education code in her home state of Maryland." Rosa's Law is part of a long line of changes that has been ongoing since the early 1900s. Words such as ''idiot'' and '' moron'' were common in court documents and diagnosis throughout the early 1900s. In the 1960s, changes in the law led to the use of such terms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idiot
An idiot, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person. 'Idiot' was formerly a technical term in legal and psychiatric contexts for some kinds of profound intellectual disability where the mental age is two years or less, and the person cannot guard themself against common physical dangers. The term was gradually replaced by 'profound mental retardation', which has since been replaced by other terms. Along with terms like moron, imbecile, retard and cretin, its use to describe people with mental disabilities is considered archaic and offensive. Moral idiocy refers to a moral disability. Etymology The word "idiot" comes from the Greek noun ''idiōtēs'' 'a private person, individual' (as opposed to the state), 'a private citizen' (as opposed to someone with a political office), 'a common man', 'a person lacking professional skill, layman', later 'unskilled', 'ignorant', derived from the adjective ''idios'' 'personal' (not public, not shared).Liddell-Scott-Jones ''A Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The 111th United States Congress
The acts of the 111th United States Congress include all laws enacted and treaties ratified by the 111th United States Congress, which lasted from January 3, 2009 to January 3, 2011. Such acts include public and private laws, which were enacted after being passed by Congress and signed by the President. There were no overridden vetoes. Summary of actions Of the statutes enacted by Congress, only the first was promulgated by President George W. Bush in the last week of his term. The remainder were signed by President Barack Obama. Only one was vetoed. Public laws Private laws Treaties See also *List of United States federal legislation * Acts of the 110th United States Congress * Acts of the 112th United States Congress External links Authenticated Public and Private Laws: Browse 111th Congressfrom the Government Printing Office Legislation & Records Home: Treatiesfrom the Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or cham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qualified Intellectual Disability Professional
A Qualified Intellectual Disability Professional, often referred to as a QIDP for short is a professional staff working with people in community homes who have intellectual and developmental disabilities and was previously known as a Qualified Mental Retardation Professional or QMRP. The change in terminology was implemented after the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) modified the ''State Operations Manual Appendix J - Guidance to Surveyors: Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities'' The changes were implemented after President Obama signed Rosa's Law. The National Association of QIDPs updated its name to meet the new change in terminology The organization provides training and meeting opportunities for those working in the QIDP capacity. Some U.S. states such as Illinois have specific and required training for QIDPs to remain certified. Other states have licensure and outline specific requirements for the QIDP such as California. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation, Rosa's Law, Pub. L. 111-256124 Stat. 2643(2010). is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. Intellectual functions are defined under DSM-V as reasoning, problem‑solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from instruction and experience, and practical understanding confirmed by both clinical assessment and standardized tests. Adaptive behavior is defined in terms of conceptual, social, and practical skills involving tasks performed by people in their everyday lives. Intellectual disability is subdivided into syndromic intellectual disability, in which intellectual deficits associated with other medical and b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermediate Care Facilities For Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF/IID), formerly known as Intermediate Care Facilities for Mental Retardation (ICF/MR), is an American Medicaid-funded institutional long-term support and service (LTSS) for people with intellectual disabilities or related conditions. Section 1905(d) of the Social Security Act enacted benefits and made funding available for "institutions" (which consisted of 4 or more beds) for individuals with intellectual or related conditions. According to federal law 42 CFR § 440.150 the purpose of ICD/IIDs is to "furnish health or rehabilitative services to persons with Intellectual Disability or persons with related conditions." The number of individuals living in ICD/IID facilities peaked in 1993 at 147,729 people. In 1981, Congress enacted legislation allowing Medicaid funding for LTSS through programs such as the Home-and Community-Based Services (HCBS) waiver program that provides supports for people to live i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feeble-minded
The term feeble-minded was used from the late 19th century in Europe, the United States and Australasia for disorders later referred to as illnesses or deficiencies of the mind. At the time, ''mental deficiency'' encompassed all degrees of educational and social deficiency. Within the concept of mental deficiency, researchers established a hierarchy, ranging from idiocy, at the most severe end of the scale; to imbecility, at the median point; and to feeble-mindedness at the highest end of functioning. The last was conceived of as a form of high-grade mental deficiency. The development of the ranking system of mental deficiency has been attributed to Sir Charles Trevelyan in 1876, and was associated with the rise of eugenics. The term and hierarchy had been used in that sense at least 10 years previously. "Wild card" terms outside the established hierarchy such as '' idiot savant'', may have been used as connotations for varying degrees of autism. History The earliest recorded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Developmental Disability
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living".Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013)Developmental disabilities.Retrieved October 18, 2013 Developmental disabilities can be detected early on and persist throughout an individual's lifespan. Developmental disability that affects all areas of a child's development is sometimes referred to as global developmental delay. The most common developmental disabilities are: * Motor disorders, and learning difficulties such as dyslexia, Tourette's syndrome, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, Irlen syndrome, and dyscalculia. * Autism and Asperger syndrome are a series of conditions called autistic spectrum disorders that causes difficulties in communications. Autistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Opinion
Public opinion is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to a society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them. Etymology The term "public opinion" was derived from the French ', which was first used in 1588 by Michel de Montaigne in the second edition of his '' Essays'' (ch. XXII). The French term also appears in the 1761 work ''Julie, or the New Heloise'' by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Precursors of the phrase in English include William Temple's "general opinion" (appearing in his 1672 work ''On the Original and Nature of Government'') and John Locke's "law of opinion" (appearing in his 1689 work ''An Essay Concerning Human Understanding''). History The emergence of public opinion as a significant force in the political realm dates to the late 17th century, but opinion had been regarded as having singular importance much earlier. Medieval ''fama publica'' or ''vox et fama communis'' had great legal and social importance from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imbecile
The term ''imbecile'' was once used by psychiatrists to denote a category of people with moderate to severe intellectual disability, as well as a type of criminal.Fernald, Walter E. (1912). ''The imbecile with criminal instincts.'' Fourth edition. Boston: Ellis. .Duncan, P. Martin; Millard, William (1866). ''A manual for the classification, training, and education of the feeble-minded, imbecile, and idiotic.'' Longmans, Green, and Co. The word arises from the Latin word ''imbecillus'', meaning weak, or weak-minded. It originally referred to people of the second order in a former and discarded classification of intellectual disability, with a mental age of three to seven years and an IQ of 25–50, above " idiot" (IQ below 25) and below " moron" (IQ of 51–70).Sternberg, Robert J. (2000). ''Handbook of Intelligence.'' Cambridge University Press. . In the obsolete medical classification (ICD-9, 1977), these people were said to have "moderate mental retardation" or "moderate ment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moron (psychology)
Moron is a term once used in psychology and psychiatry to denote mild intellectual disability.Rafter, Nicole Hahn (1998). ''Creating Born Criminals.'' University of Illinois Press, The term was closely tied with the American eugenics movement. Black, Edwin (2004). ''War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race.'' Thunder's Mouth Press, Once the term became popularized, it fell out of use by the psychological community, as it was used more commonly as an insult than as a psychological term. It is similar to imbecile and idiot. Origin and uses "Moron" was coined in 1910 by psychologist Henry H. GoddardTrent, James W. Jr. (2017). ''Inventing the Feeble Mind: A History of Intellectual Disability in the United States''. Oxford University Press, from the Ancient Greek word '' μωρός'' (''moros''), which meant "dull" and used to describe a person with a mental age in adulthood of between 7 and 10 on the Binet scale.. It was once applied to peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitehouse
Whitehouse may refer to: People * Charles S. Whitehouse (1921-2001), American diplomat * Cornelius Whitehouse (1796–1883), English engineer and inventor * E. Sheldon Whitehouse (1883-1965), American diplomat * Elliott Whitehouse (born 1993), English footballer * Eula Whitehouse (1892–1974), American botanist * Frederick William Whitehouse (1900–1973), Australian geologist * Jimmy Whitehouse (footballer, born 1924) (1924-2005), English footballer * Mary Whitehouse (1910–2001), British Christian morality campaigner * Morris H. Whitehouse (1878–1944), American architect * Paul Whitehouse (born 1958), Welsh comedian and actor * Paul Whitehouse (police officer) (born 1944) * Sheldon Whitehouse (born 1955), American politician from the state of Rhode Island * Wildman Whitehouse (1816–1890), English surgeon and chief electrician for the transatlantic telegraph cable Places ;in the United Kingdom * Whitehouse, Aberdeenshire, location of the Whitehouse railway sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
