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Ron Languages
The Ron, Ronic or Ron–Fyer languages, group A.4 of the West Chadic languages, West Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, are spoken in Plateau State, north-central Nigeria. The Ron languages have undergone extensive influence from Tarok language, Tarok. Languages The Ron languages, and their tentative relationships, are:Blench, RogerComparative Ron wordlist ;Ron *Fyer language, Fyer, Tambas language, Tambas *(branch) **Ron language, Central Ron ***Daffo-Butura language, Daffo-Mbar-Butura ***Bokkos language, Bokkos ***Monguna language, Monguna (Shagawu) [perhaps actually closer to Sha] **Sha language, Sha **Mangar language (Chadic), Mangar **Mundat–Karfa ***Mundat language, Mundat ***Karfa language, Karfa (Duhwa) **Kulere language, Kulere (Richa) Blench (2019) groups the following in the (Central) Ron/Run dialect cluster: Bokkos, Mbar, Daffo–Butura, Manguna, Mangar, Sha. While noting that Ron is in fact a complex linkage (linguistics), linkage, Blench (2003) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangu, Nigeria
Mangu is a Local Government Areas of Nigeria, Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mangu at . It has an area of 1,653 km and a population of 294,931 at the 2006 census. The major ethnic group found in Mangu is the . They occupy the districts of Panyam, Pushit, Kerang, Mangun, Kombun, Ampang West, and the local government headquarters (Mangu). Other ethnic groups include the Jipal (found in Kaper, Katul, Kabum, Rundum, Kanjing, Bul, Male, Zwagal, Kwa, Kaburuk, Koplar and Dungning.) Pyem (found in Gindiri). The Chakfem People and the Kwanka or Kadung people inhabiting the northeastern in Kadunung. Mangu local government also host the Factory of Nigeria's first and most cherished bottle water; SWAN Spring Water, located at the foot of the Kerang Volcanic Mountains. The postal code of the area is 932. References Local Government Areas in Plateau State {{PlateauNG-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangar Language (Chadic)
Ron (Run; also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language cluster spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos Bokkos is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bokkos at . It has an area of 1,682 km and a population of 178,454 at the 2006 census. Ron languages are the indigenous languages spoken in Bok ..., Daffo-Mbar-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna (Shagawu, 20,000 speakers). Blench (2006) considers these to be separate languages. Varieties Blench (2019) lists these language varieties in the Ron (Run) cluster: *Bokkos *Mbar *Daffo–Butura *Manguna *Mangar * Sha Daffo-Mbar-Butura is spoken in Hottom, Maiduna, Hurum, Fanga, Kandik, Faram, Mandung, Mayi, and Josho villages.Blench, Roger M. 2003Why reconstructing comparative Ron is so problematic In Wolff, Ekkehard (ed.), ''Topics in Chadic linguistics: papers from the 1st biennial international colloquium on the Chadic language family'' (Leipzig, July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plateau Languages
The forty or so Plateau languages are a tentative group of Benue–Congo languages spoken by 15 million people on the Jos Plateau, Southern Kaduna, Nasarawa State and in adjacent areas in central Nigeria. Berom and Eggon have the most speakers. Most Plateau languages are threatened and have around 2,000-10,000 speakers.Blench, Roger. 2007. Language families of the Nigerian Middle Belt and the historical implications of their distribution'. Presented to the Jos Linguistic Circle in Jos, Nigeria, July 25, 2007. Defining features of the Plateau family have only been published in manuscript form (Blench 2008). Many of the languages have highly elaborate phonology systems that make comparison with poor data difficult. Branches and locations Below is a list of major Plateau branches and their primary locations (centres of diversity) based on Blench (2019). The Plateau languages are highly typologically and lexically diverse. For instance, Roger Blench (2022) notes that Beromic is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sound Correspondence
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor. The comparative method may be contrasted with the method of internal reconstruction in which the internal development of a single language is inferred by the analysis of features within that language. Ordinarily, both methods are used together to reconstruct prehistoric phases of languages; to fill in gaps in the historical record of a language; to discover the development of phonological, morphological and other linguistic systems and to confirm or to refute hypothesised relationships between languages. The comparative method was developed over the 19th century. Key contributions were made by the Danish scholars Rasmus Rask and Karl Verner and the German scholar Jacob Grimm. The first linguist to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Ron
The Ron, Ronic or Ron–Fyer languages, group A.4 of the West Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, are spoken in Plateau State, north-central Nigeria. The Ron languages have undergone extensive influence from Tarok. Languages The Ron languages, and their tentative relationships, are:Blench, RogerComparative Ron wordlist ;Ron * Fyer, Tambas *(branch) ** Central Ron *** Daffo-Mbar-Butura ***Bokkos *** Monguna (Shagawu) erhaps actually closer to Sha** Sha ** Mangar **Mundat–Karfa *** Mundat *** Karfa (Duhwa) ** Kulere (Richa) Blench (2019) groups the following in the (Central) Ron/Run dialect cluster: Bokkos, Mbar, Daffo–Butura, Manguna, Mangar, Sha. While noting that Ron is in fact a complex linkage, Blench (2003) rejects two of the connections proposed in Seibert (1998) ha with Mundat–Karfa and Mangar with Kulere/Richa *''Northern'': Fyer, Tambas *''Central'': Bokkos, Daffo-Mbar-Butura, Monguna *''Western'': Sha, Mundat, Karfa *''Southern'': Rich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manguna Language
Ron (Run; also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language cluster spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos Bokkos is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bokkos at . It has an area of 1,682 km and a population of 178,454 at the 2006 census. Ron languages are the indigenous languages spoken in Bok ..., Daffo-Mbar-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna (Shagawu, 20,000 speakers). Blench (2006) considers these to be separate languages. Varieties Blench (2019) lists these language varieties in the Ron (Run) cluster: *Bokkos *Mbar *Daffo–Butura *Manguna *Mangar * Sha Daffo-Mbar-Butura is spoken in Hottom, Maiduna, Hurum, Fanga, Kandik, Faram, Mandung, Mayi, and Josho villages.Blench, Roger M. 2003Why reconstructing comparative Ron is so problematic In Wolff, Ekkehard (ed.), ''Topics in Chadic linguistics: papers from the 1st biennial international colloquium on the Chadic language family'' (Leipzig, July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shagawu Language
Ron (Run; also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language cluster spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos Bokkos is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bokkos at . It has an area of 1,682 km and a population of 178,454 at the 2006 census. Ron languages are the indigenous languages spoken in Bok ..., Daffo-Mbar-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna (Shagawu, 20,000 speakers). Blench (2006) considers these to be separate languages. Varieties Blench (2019) lists these language varieties in the Ron (Run) cluster: *Bokkos *Mbar *Daffo–Butura *Manguna *Mangar * Sha Daffo-Mbar-Butura is spoken in Hottom, Maiduna, Hurum, Fanga, Kandik, Faram, Mandung, Mayi, and Josho villages.Blench, Roger M. 2003Why reconstructing comparative Ron is so problematic In Wolff, Ekkehard (ed.), ''Topics in Chadic linguistics: papers from the 1st biennial international colloquium on the Chadic language family'' (Leipzig, July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasarawa State
Nasarawa State is a state in the North Central region of Nigeria, bordered to the east by the states of Taraba and Plateau, to the north by Kaduna State, to the south by the states of Kogi and Benue, and to the west by the Federal Capital Territory. Named for the historic Nasarawa Emirate, the state was formed from the west of Plateau State on 1 October 1996. The state has thirteen local government areas and its capital is Lafia, located in the east of the state, while a key economic centre of the state is the Karu Urban Area—suburbs of Abuja—along the western border with the FCT. Of the 36 states of Nigeria, Nasarawa is the fifteenth largest in area and second least populous with an estimated population of about 2.5 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is mostly within the tropical Guinean forest–savanna mosaic ecoregion. Important geographic features include the River Benue forming much of Nasarawa State's southern borders and the state's far northeast contai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exonym
An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, or linguistic community in question; it is their self-designated name for themselves, their homeland, or their language. An exonym (from Greek: , 'outer' + , 'name'; also known as xenonym) is an established, ''non-native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used only outside that particular place, group, or linguistic community. Exonyms exist not only for historico-geographical reasons but also in consideration of difficulties when pronouncing foreign words. For instance, is the endonym for the country that is also known by the exonym ''Germany'' in English, in Spanish and in French. Naming and etymology The terms ''autonym'', ''endonym'', ''exonym'' and ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linkage (linguistics)
In historical linguistics, a linkage is a network of related dialects or languages that formed from a gradual diffusion and differentiation of a proto-language. The term was introduced by Malcolm Ross in his study of Western Oceanic languages . It is contrasted with a family, which arises when the proto-language speech community separates into groups that remain isolated from each other and do not form a network. Principle Linkages are formed when languages emerged historically from the diversification of an earlier dialect continuum. Its members may have diverged despite sharing subsequent innovations, or such dialects may have come into contact and so converged. In any dialect continuum, innovations are shared between neighbouring dialects in intersecting patterns. The patterns of intersecting innovations continue to be evident as the dialect continuum turns into a linkage. According to the comparative method, a group of languages that exclusively shares a set of innovations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulere Language
Kulere (also known as Tof, Korom Boye, Akandi, Akande, Kande) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bokkos, Plateau State, and in some parts of Wamba in Nassarawa State, Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o .... Notes Further reading *A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Kulere Dialects of Plateau and Nassarawa States, Nigeria' West Chadic languages Languages of Nigeria {{Nigeria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
