|
Roman Administration Of Judaea (AD 6–135)
The administration of Judaea as a province of Rome from 6 to 135 was carried out primarily by a series of Roman Prefects, Procurators, and Legates. These administrators coincided with the ostensible rule by Hasmonean and Herodian rulers of Judea. The Roman administrators were as follows: "Hadrian stationed an extra legion in Judaea, renaming it Syria Palaestina.". This was following the defeat of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in 135. The Syria-based legion, Legio III Gallica, took part in the quelling of the revolt in 132–136, and in the aftermath, the emperor Hadrian renamed the greatly depopulated province of Judea and its extra legion ''Syria Palaestina''. The province of Syria Palaestina was divided into Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Salutaris in about 357, and by 409 Palaestina Prima had been further split into a smaller Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda, while Salutaris was named Tertia or Salutaris. Palæstina Prima or Palaestina I existed from the late 4th century unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judaea (Roman Province)
Judaea ( la, Iudaea ; grc, Ἰουδαία, translit=Ioudaíā ) was a Roman province which incorporated the regions of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea from 6 CE, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea. The name "Judaea", like Judea, was derived from the Iron Age Kingdom of Judah, but the Roman province encompassed a much larger territory. With the transition to full Roman province, Judaea became subject to direct Roman rule, replacing a system of semi-autonomous vassalage that had existed since the Roman Republic conquest of the region in 63 BCE. The change was enacted by the Roman emperor Augustus after an appeal by the populace against the ill rule of Herod Archelaus. With the onset of direct rule, the official census instituted by Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, the governor of Roman Syria, nevertheless caused tensions and led to an uprising by Judas of Galilee. In other notable events in the period, the crucifixion of Jesus in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonius Felix
Antonius Felix (possibly Tiberius Claudius Antonius Felix, in Greek: ὁ Φῆλιξ; born circa 5–10) was the 4th Roman procurator of Judea Province in 52–60, in succession to Ventidius Cumanus. Life Felix was the younger brother of the Greek freedman Marcus Antonius Pallas. Pallas served as a secretary of the treasury during the reign of the Emperor Claudius. Felix was a Greek freedman – either of Claudius, according to which theory Josephus (''Antiq.'' xx. 7) calls him Claudius Felix, or of Claudius's mother, Antonia Minor, a daughter of Triumvir Mark Antony to Octavia Minor and niece of Emperor Augustus. According to Tacitus, Pallas and Felix descended from the Greek Kings of Arcadia. Procurator of Judaea Felix became the procurator by the petition of his brother. Felix's cruelty, coupled with his accessibility to bribes (see Book of Acts ), led to a great increase of crime in Judaea. The period of his rule was marked by internal feuds and disturbances, which he put ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintus Pompeius Falco
Quintus Pompeius Falco (c. 70after 140 AD) was a Roman senator and general of the early 2nd century AD. He was governor of several provinces, most notably Roman Britain, where he hosted a visit to the province by the Emperor Hadrian in the last year. Falco achieved the rank of suffect consul for the ''nundinium'' of September to December 108 with Marcus Titius Lustricus Bruttianus as his colleague. Name His complete name was Quintus Roscius Coelius Murena Silius Decianus Vibullius Pius Julius Eurycles Herculanus Pompeius Falco, an example of polyonymy. Werner Eck has shown that Falco was the son of Sextus Pompeius Falco and Clodia P.f. Falconilla who came from Sicily, as well as identifying a brother, Quintus Pompeius Pr scus The earliest inscriptions to mention him, dated to his governorship of Lower Moesia (115-118), use the name Quintus Roscius Murena Coelius Pompeius Falco, indicating that he was adopted (''condicio nominis ferendi'') by another Senator in hopes of preservin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus
Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus (70 – 117) was a Roman senator and general. He rose from provincial aristocratic origins to occupy the highest offices of Rome. He served as a legionary commander and as imperial governor of Judea, Cappadoccia, Galatia, Syria and Dacia. He is known to have been active under Trajan in the Dacian and Parthian Wars. Bassus was suffect consul in the ''nundinium'' of May to August 105 with Gnaeus Afranius Dexter as his colleague. Family Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus was born in Pergamon to a family related to the Attalid dynasty and the Galatian tetrarchs. His father was Gaius Julius Bassus, who was Proconsul of Bithynia in 100 to 101.Werner Eck"Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", ''Chiron'', 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237 (German) He is known to have had at least one son, Gaius Julius Bassus, who was suffect consul in 139. Career His career began as military tribune in Legio XIII ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes (consul 133)
Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes (65 before 160) was a distinguished Greek aristocrat of the Roman Empire. Origin and life Claudius Atticus was a Greek of Athenian descent. As he bears the Roman family name, Claudius, there is a possibility that a paternal ancestor of his received Roman citizenship from an unknown member of the Claudius gens. His great-great-grandfather was a man called Polycharmus (c. 9/8 BC-22/23 AD).Day, ''An economic history of Athens under Roman domination'' p. 238 Claudius Atticus was born and raised into a very distinguished, wealthy family. He was the son of Hipparchus (born c. 40) and an unnamed woman.Graindor, ''Un milliardaire antique'' p. 29 His sister, Claudia Alcia, married the Athenian aristocrat Lucius Vibullius Rufus. In his lifetime, Hipparchus was considered one of the wealthiest men in the Roman Empire; he was reputed to possess one hundred million sesterces.Day, ''An economic history of Athens under Roman domination'' p. 242 This reputatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Hermentidius Campanus
Sextus Hermentidius Campanus was a Roman senator, who was active during the Flavian dynasty. He was the 6th legate of Judaea from 93 to 97 and suffect consul in the ''nundinium'' of July to August 97 as the colleague of Lucius Domitius Apollinaris. He is known entirely from inscriptions. Biography His ''gentilicium'' "Hermentidius", derived from the god Hermes, suggests that Campanus' origins lie in Cappadocia, where there is evidence of a number of names incorporating the name of that deity.Edward Dabrowa, ''Legio X Fretensis: A Prosopographical Study of its Officers (I-III c. A.D.)'' (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993), pp. 33f In any case, he is the only member of his family known to have acceded to the consulate. The only office Campanus is known to have held, other than his consulate, is ''legatus legionis'' or commander of the Legio X Fretensis between the years 93 and 97, which was stationed during those years in Jerusalem. Command of this legion also made Campanus the de facto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus
Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus (died 105) was a Roman senator and general. He was the 5th legate of Judaea from 85 to 89 and held the suffect consulship in the ''nundinium'' of September–October 90 as the colleague of Lucius Albius Pullaienus Pollio. He was deceived into a trap by Decebalus during Trajan's Second Dacian War, and rather than provide an advantage to the Dacian king, committed suicide. Life His full name was Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus. Arthur Stein first suggested the identification of his birth father was the Pompeius Longinus, military tribune of the Praetorian guard in 69, mentioned by Tacitus; this identification was also proposed by Ronald Syme. Salomies concurs in this identification, while proposing that his adoptive parent was Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula, governor of Africa in 80. Syme also proposes that, based on his ''gentilicium'', Longinus may have originated in Gallia Narbonensis, but Edward Dabrowa notes that the same cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvidiena Gens
The gens Salvidiena was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned toward the end of the Republic, and from then to the end of the second century they regularly filled the highest offices of the Roman state. Origin The nomen ''Salvidienus'' belongs to a class of formed primarily from other gentile names using the suffix ''-enus''. The root is '' Salvidius'', itself presumably formed from the Oscan praenomen ''Salvius'', using the suffix ''-idius''. Praenomina The Salvidieni regularly used the praenomina ''Gaius'', ''Lucius'', '' Marcus'', and '' Quintus'', four of the most common names throughout Roman history. At least one branch of the family used the more distinctive '' Servius'', which may have been inherited from the Cornelii; the only members of this gens to bear the name without also bearing the nomen ''Cornelius'' were probably related to this family, or descended from its freedmen. A Salvidienus from Samnium bore the praenomen '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Flavius Silva
Lucius Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus was a late-1st-century Roman general, governor of the province of Iudaea and consul. Silva was the commander of the army, composed mainly of the ''Legio X Fretensis'', in 72 AD which laid siege to the near-impregnable mountain fortress of Masada, occupied by a group of Jewish rebels called the Sicarii. The siege ended in 73 AD with Silva's forces breaching the defenses of the Masada plateau and the mass suicide of the Sicarii, who preferred death to defeat or capture. Silva's actions are documented by 1st-century Jewish-Roman historian Josephus, the remains of a 1st-century Roman victory arch identified in Jerusalem in 2005, and the extensive earthworks at the Masada site, a monument to the high-water mark of Roman siege warfare. Early life and career Flavius Silva was born in the Roman town of Urbs Salvia, in what is now Italy, circa AD 43. Around 62, he began his career within the ''vigintiviri'', a preliminary and required first step toward g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Lucilius Bassus
Sextus Lucilius Bassus was the 2nd Roman legate appointed by Emperor Vespasian to Iudaea Province in 71. Biography Assigned to finish off the last remnants after the First Jewish–Roman War in the province, he led the legion Legio X Fretensis, destroying the Jewish strongholds Herodium and Machaerus on their march to the siege of Masada. Bassus fell ill and died on the way, however, and was replaced by Lucius Flavius Silva in late 72. Before his appointment to Iudaea, Bassus was prefect of the ''Classis Ravennas'' and the ''Classis Misenensis'' and betrayed Vitellius by siding with Vespasian during the Year of the Four Emperors The Year of the Four Emperors, AD 69, was the first civil war of the Roman Empire, during which four emperors ruled in succession: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. It is considered an important interval, marking the transition from the ... (69). Citations See also * Gens Lucilia External links Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis
Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis was a Roman senator and military commander, the 1st legate of Judaea. He was an early supporter of Vespasian, who appointed Cerialis suffect consul in either 72 or 73. Origins Cerialis was of Sabine origin. He was born in Reate.Edward Dabrowa, ''Legio X Fretensis: A Prosopographical Study of its Officers (I-III c. A.D.)'' (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993), p. 27 Ronald Syme speculates that the Sex. Vettulenus Cerialis memorialized with his wife Lusia Galla in an inscription recovered at Venafro was Cerialis' father and mother; if that is the case, his father served as a soldier, and his career was capped as ''primus pilus'' of Legio XI. At least one brother is attested for him: Gaius Vettulenus Civica Cerealis, suffect consul in either 72 or 73 according to Syme, or between 73 and 76, according to Gallivan. Career Edward Dabrowa lists Cerialis "amongst the Sabine people who, due to Vespasian, gained high ranks and were admitted to the Roman political el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Antonius Julianus
Marcus Antonius Julianus was the 8th procurator of Judea from 66 to 70, during the time of the First Jewish–Roman War. Replacement Julianus had taken over the role from Gessius Florus, who had done a poor job in avoiding conflict. The Procurator had used the palaces of Herod the Great at Caesarea for himself and as barracks for the Roman troops. He had also taken gold from the temples of the Jews in the name of the emperor. It may be that Marcus Antonius Julianus was a relative of Marcus Antonius Felix, governor from 52 to 58 which would have helped him to have a better understanding of affairs. However Julianus failed in stopping the Jewish revolt from becoming a war. Julianus was apparently the last person to hold the title of Procurator of Judea, although when and how he left his post in unclear. Following the First Jewish-Roman War, Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis was appointed Legate of Judea. Records The only person to have kept records of the time was Flavius Josephus, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
