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Republic Of The Seven Tithings
The Republic of the Seven Tithings (German language, German: ''Republik der Sieben Zenden'', French language, French: ''République des Sept-Dizains'') was a state in what is now the Swiss canton of Valais during the early modern period, and an associate of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The seven tithings (''Zenden'', ''dizains'', Latin: ''decumae'') of the Central and Upper Valais, listed Rhone, orographically, were Goms (district), Goms, Brig (district), Brig, Visp (district), Visp, Raron (district), Raron, Leuk (district), Leuk, Sierre (district), Siders, and Sion (district), Sion. The six districts of the Lower Valais, known as "banners" (''vexilla''), were ruled as subject lands by the Republic. They only came to be referred to as ''dizains'' as they acceded to the Rhodanic Republic and the Swiss canton, during 1802–1815. History The tithings (''Zehnden'') of the Upper Valais emerged as medieval communes, which were granted certain privileges by Charles IV, Holy Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Modern Switzerland
The early modern history of the Old Swiss Confederacy (''Eidgenossenschaft'', also known as the "Swiss Republic" or ''Republica Helvetiorum'') and its constituent Thirteen Cantons encompasses the time of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) until the French invasion of 1798. The early modern period was characterized by an increasingly aristocratic and oligarchic ruling class as well as frequent economic or religious revolts. This period came to be referred to as the ''Ancien Régime'' retrospectively, in post-Napoleonic Switzerland. The loosely organized Confederation remained generally disorganized and crippled by the religious divisions created by the Swiss Reformation. During this period the Confederation gained formal independence from the Holy Roman Empire with support from France, and had very close relations with France. The early modern period also saw the growth of French-Swiss literature, and notable authors of the Age of Enlightenment such as the mathematic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raron Affair
The Raron affair (German: ''Raronhandel'') was a 15th-century rebellion in the Valais (the prince-bishopric of Sion) against the power of a local noble family, the Raron family. The rebellion brought several cantons of the Swiss Confederation into conflict with each other and threatened a civil war in the Confederation. While Bern was initially successful, they were eventually forced to surrender most of their gains. Background At the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th centuries, the Baron of Raron rapidly rose to the highest ecclesiastical and secular offices in the Valais. After the death of Bishop William I of Raron in 1402 and his father Peter of Raron in 1413, a rebellious party formed in the Upper Valais. They were opposed to the new Prince-Bishop Wilhelm II of Raron and the claims of his uncle Witschard of Raron. Emperor Sigismund had granted Witschard sovereignty over the Valais in 1414 as a reward for his military service in Lombardy. The rights over the Val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV ( cs, Karel IV.; german: Karl IV.; la, Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378''Karl IV''. In: (1960): ''Geschichte in Gestalten'' (''History in figures''), vol. 2: ''F–K''. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), also known as Charles of Luxembourg, born Wenceslaus (, ), was the first King of Bohemia to become Holy Roman Emperor. He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Bohemian House of Přemyslid from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints. He was the eldest son and heir of John of Bohemia, King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg, who died at the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346. His mother, Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the sister of Wenceslaus III, King of Bohemia and Poland, the last of the male Přemyslid rulers of Bohemia. Charles inherited the County of Luxemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup. Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility. Etymology The English and French word "commune" ( it, comune) appears in Latin records in various forms. They come from Medieval Latin , plural form of (that which is common, community, state), substantive noun from (common). Ultimately, the Proto-Indo-European root is ''*mey-'' (to change, exchange). When autonomy was won through violent uprising and overthrow, the commune was often called (a conspiracy) ( it, cospirazione ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Valais
Valais ( , , ; frp, Valês; german: Wallis ), more formally the Canton of Valais,; german: Kanton Wallis; in other official Swiss languages outside Valais: it, (Canton) Vallese ; rm, (Chantun) Vallais. is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is Sion. The flag of the canton is made of thirteen stars representing the districts, on a white-red background. Valais is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the cantons of Vaud and Bern to the north, the cantons of Uri and Ticino to the east, as well as Italy to the south and France to the west. It is one of the three large southern Alpine cantons, along with Ticino and the Grisons, which encompass a vast diversity of ecosystems. It is a bilingual canton, French and German being its two official languages. Traditionally, the canton is divided into Lower, Central, and Upper Valais, the latter region constituting the German-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stumpf Froschauer Landtaflen Wallis
Stumpf or Stumpff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Carl Stumpf (1848–1936), German philosopher and psychologist * Christian Stumpf (born 1966), Austrian international footballer * Daniel Stumpf (born 1991), American baseball player * Eddie Stumpf (1894-1978), American baseball player, manager and executive * Horst Stumpff (1887–1958), German general in World War II * Hulda Stumpf (1867–1930), American Christian missionary in Kenya * István Stumpf (born 1957), Hungarian politician * Johann Andreas Stumpff (1769–1846), German maker of harps and pianos, resident in London * Johann Stumpf (engineer), German steam locomotive engineer, known for his work on uniflow steam engines. * John Stumpf (born 1953), American business executive and investment banker * Karl Stumpff (1895–1970), German astronomer * Kenneth E. Stumpf (1944-2022), American United States Army soldier and recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor * Peter P. Stumpf Jr. (1948-2010 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodanic Republic
The Rhodanic Republic, officially the Republic of Valais ( French: ''République du Valais''; German: ''Republik Wallis'') or Vallais, was a sister republic of France that existed between 1802 and 1810 in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, during the Napoleonic Wars, in the territory corresponding with the modern Swiss canton of Valais. History A Rhodanic Republic had already been envisaged in March 1798 by General Guillaume Brune, commander of the French troops in Switzerland, as one of three successor republics of the Old Swiss Confederacy (the other two being Tellgovie and the Helvetic). Brune's ''République rhodanique'' would have incorporated the present-day cantons of Vaud, Valais, Ticino, Fribourg and part of Bern ( Oberland) with Lausanne as its capital. The canton was to be divided into 17 administrative districts, each with a sous-prefet. However, this idea was put aside. In 1798, when the troops of the French Republic invaded the Swiss Confederacy, the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sion (district)
The district of Sion is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It comprises the following municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the district coat of arms is ''Per pale Argent two Mullets of Five Gules, and Gules.'' Demographics Sion has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks French (31,488 or 85.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (1,878 or 5.1%) and Portuguese is the third (1,029 or 2.8%). There are 915 people who speak Italian and 20 people who speak Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The population was made up of 15,250 Swiss men (36.8% of the population) and 4,787 (11.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 16,910 Swiss women (40.8%) and 4,537 (10.9%) non-Swiss women. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierre (district)
The district of Sierre is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It comprises the following municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the district coat of arms is ''Gules, a Sun Or.'' Demographics Sierre has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks French (32,090 or 80.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (3,240 or 8.1%) and Italian is the third (1,522 or 3.8%). There are 15 people who speak Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population was made up of 16,070 Swiss men (35.0% of the population) and 6,533 (14.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 17,331 Swiss women (37.8%) and 5,970 (13.0%) non-Swiss women.Ständige Wohnbevolkerung nach G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leuk (district)
The district of Leuk () is a district in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It contains the following municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is ''Gules, a Griffin rampant cowed Or langued and armed Argent holding a sword of the last.'' Demographics Leuk has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks German (10,675 or 91.8%) as their first language. French is the second most common (278 or 2.4%) and Albanian is the third (195 or 1.7%). There are 115 people who speak Italian and 8 people who speak Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 5,218 Swiss men (42.5% of the population) and 879 (7.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,430 Swiss women (44.3%) and 742 (6.0%) non-Swiss women. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raron (district)
The district of Raron was one of the 12 districts comprising the Republic of Wallis and after 1848 the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Today it is divided into two demi-districts, which are geographically separated by the District of Brig. The district of East Raron (german: Östlich-Raron, french: Rarogne oriental) with the capital Mörel-Filet includes the following municipalities: *CH-3991, 3994 Bettmeralp *CH-3983 Bister *CH-3982 Bitsch *CH-3993 Grengiols *CH-3983 Mörel-Filet *CH-3986 Riederalp The district of West Raron (German: Westlich-Raron, French: Rarogne occidental) with the capital Raron includes the following municipalities: *CH-3938 Ausserberg *CH-3919 Blatten *CH-3935 Bürchen *CH-3943 Eischoll *CH-3916 Ferden *CH-3917 Kippel *CH-3942 Niedergesteln *CH-3942 Raron *CH-3940 Steg-Hohtenn *CH-3944 Unterbäch *CH-3918 Wiler Wiler (Lötschen) is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Geography Wiler has an area, , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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