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Raimbaut D'Aurenga
Raimbaut of Orange (c. 1147 – 1173) or, in his native Old Provençal, Raimbaut d'Aurenga, was the lord of Orange and Aumelas. His properties included the towns of Frontignan and Mireval. He was the only son of William of Aumelas and of Tiburge, Countess of Orange, daughter of Raimbaut, count of Orange. After the early death of Raimbaut's father, his guardians were his uncle William VII of Montpellier and his elder sister Tibors. He was a major troubadour, having contributed to the creation of ''trobar ric'', or articulate style, in troubadour poetry. Abouforty of his workssurvive, displaying a gusto for rare rhymes and intricate poetic form. His death in 1173 is mourned in a ''planh'' (lament) by Giraut de Bornelh, and also in the only surviving poem of the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues, who was the lover of Raimbaut's cousin Gui Guerrejat. It seems possible that Azalais's poem was composed in an earlier form while Raimbaut was still alive, because in his poem ''A mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, ''trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his ''De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of troubadou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1173 Deaths
Year 1173 ( MCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * January 5 – Bolesław IV (the Curly), High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III (the Old), and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II (the Just). * King Canute I (Knut Eriksson) extends his rule after the death of co-ruler Kol – which includes also Östergötland. He becomes the unopposed sole-ruler of Sweden. Canute is supported by Earl Birger Brosa. * Abu Yaqub Yusuf, caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, re-populates the western Andalusian city of Beja. But it is rapidly abandoned, a sign of the quick demographic weakening of the Muslims in the peninsula. England * Spring – Henry the Young King withdraws to the French court, marking the beginning of the Revolt of 1173–74, in which former Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her sons rebel a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1140s Births , synthetic chemical element with atomic number 114
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114 may refer to: * 114 (number) *AD 114 * 114 BC * 114 (1st London) Army Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers, an English military unit * 114 (Antrim Artillery) Field Squadron, Royal Engineers, a Northern Irish military unit * 114 (MBTA bus) * 114 (New Jersey bus) See also * 11/4 (other) *Flerovium Flerovium is a Transactinide element, superheavy chemical element with Chemical symbol, symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. It is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guilhem De Saint-Leidier
Guilhem de Saint-Leidier, also spelled Guilhem de Saint Deslier, Guillem de Saint Deidier and Guilhèm de Sant Leidier was a troubadour of the 12th century, composing in Occitan. He was lord of Saint Didier-en-Velay, was born at some date before 1150, and died between 1195 and 1200. He was said to have loved Belissende, sister of Dalfi d'Alvernha and wife of Eracle III of Polignac, Guilhem's feudal overlord. His known work includes fifteen '' cansos'', one '' tensó'' and one ''planh''. Indications in the text and in his '' vida'' suggest that he worked in Gascony, Comminges, the Agenais, and the Bordelais. He is the first poet named in the poetical survey by the Monk of Montaudon, written around 1195. With one of his poems Guilhem began a poetical debate on the question whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer or more powerful than herself. The one known poem by the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues appears to contribute to this debate, as does one by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poetical Debate (Occitan Literature)
A ''tenso'' (; french: tençon) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God (Peire de Vic), the poet's horse (Gui de Cavalhon) or his cloak (Bertran Carbonel). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the ''partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the ''cobla esparsa'' or ''cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples *Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. *Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. *Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents of the two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gui Guerrejat
Gui Guerrejat ("the warrior") was the fifth son of William VI of Montpellier. When still a boy, in 1146, he inherited the castles of Paulhan and le Pouget from his father. After the death of his brother William VII, around 1172, Gui served jointly with John of Montlaur, bishop of Maguelonne, as guardian of his nephews, particularly of William VIII who had inherited the lordship. In this capacity Gui and John attended the conference at Mezouls in 1174 at which Raymond V of Toulouse and Alfonso II of Aragon negotiated an agreement with the young William VIII. In October 1174 Gui was at Alfonso II's court at Lerida. In 1176 he was among those present when the will was read of Ermessende of Pelet, countess of Melgueil. In 1177 he joined Bernard Ato V of Nîmes and Agde, Countess Ermengarde of Narbonne, and his nephews William VIII and Gui Burgundion, in an alliance in opposition to Raymond V of Toulouse, who now ruled Melgueil as widower of Ermessende of Pelet. According to h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azalais De Porcairagues
Azalais de Porcairagues (also ''Azalaïs'') or Alasais de Porcaragues was a trobairitz (woman troubadour), composing in Occitan in the late 12th century. The sole source for her life is her ''vida'', which tells us that she came from the country around Montpellier; she was educated and a gentlewoman; she loved Gui Guerrejat, the brother of William VII of Montpellier, and ''made many good songs about him''; meaning, probably, that the one poem of hers known to the compiler had been addressed to Gui. Gui was perhaps born around 1135; he fell ill early in 1178, became a monk, and died later in that year. Nothing is known of the dates of Azalais's birth and death. From her name, and from the statement in the ''Biographies'' cited above, it can be concluded that she came from the village of Portiragnes, just east of Béziers and about ten kilometers south of Montpellier, close to the territories that belonged to Gui and to his brothers. Aimo Sakari argues that she is the mysterious ''j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trobairitz
The ''trobairitz'' () were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. ''Trobairitz'' is both singular and plural. The word ''trobairitz'' is first attested in the 13th-century romance '' Flamenca''. It comes from the Provençal word ''trobar'', the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the technical meaning of which is "to compose". The word ''trobairitz'' is used very rarely in medieval Occitan, as it does not occur in lyrical poetry, grammatical treatises or in the biographies (''vidas'') of the ''trobairitz'' or troubadours.Paden It does occur in the treatise ''Doctrina d'acort'' by Terramagnino da Pisa, written between 1282 and 1296. He uses it as an example of a word the plural and singular of which are the same.Elizabeth W. Poe, "Cantairitz e Trobairitz: A Forgotten Attestation of Old Provençal »Trobairitz«," ''Romanische Forschungen'', 114, 2 (2002), pp. 206–215, at 207: "which are correctly used on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giraut De Bornelh
Giraut de Bornelh (; c. 1138 – 1215), whose first name is also spelled Guiraut and whose toponym is de Borneil or de Borneyll, was a troubadour connected to the castle of the viscount of Limoges. He is credited with the formalisation, if not the invention, of the "light" style, or ''trobar leu''. Biography Giraut was born to a lower-class family in the Limousin, probably in Bourney, near Excideuil in modern-day France. Guiraut might have accompanied Richard I of England and Aimar V of Limoges on the Third Crusade and stayed a while with the "good prince of Antioch", Bohemond III. He certainly made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but perhaps before the Crusade. Works About ninety of Giraut's poems and four of his melodies survive; these were held in high esteem in the 13th century: Petrarch called him "master of the troubadours", while Dante, who preferred Arnaut Daniel, mentions that many considered him superior. Notable pieces include: * S'anc jorn aqui joi e solaz', a ''planh' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibors
Tibors de Sarenom (French ''Tiburge''; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours. Biography Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with ''vidas'', short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in Occitania during the period of her life. Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of ''Sarenom'', probably Sérignan-du-Comtat in Provence or perhaps Sérignan in the Roussillon. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both named Tibors, after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was married in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Provençal
Old Occitan ( oc, occitan ancian, label= Modern Occitan, ca, occità antic), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term ' appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: ') or "Provençal" (Occitan: ') in medieval texts. History Among the earliest records of Occitan are the ''Tomida femina'', the '' Boecis'' and the '' Cançó de Santa Fe''. Old Occitan, the language used by the troubadours, was the first Romance language with a literary corpus and had an enormous influence on the development of lyric poetry in other European languages. The interpunct was a feature of its orthography and survives today in Catalan and Gascon. The official language of the sovereign principality of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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