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Radical Symbol
In mathematics, the radical symbol, radical sign, root symbol, or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. The square root of a number is written as :\sqrt, while the th root of is written as :\sqrt It is also used for other meanings in more advanced mathematics, such as the radical of an ideal. In linguistics, the symbol is used to denote a root word. Principal square root Each positive real number has two square roots, one positive and the other negative. The radical symbol refers to the principal value of the square root function called the principal square root, which is the positive one. The two square roots of a negative number are both imaginary numbers, and the square root symbol refers to the principal square root, the one with a positive imaginary part. For the definition of the principal square root of other complex numbers, see . Origin The origin of the root symbol √ is largely speculative. Some sources imply that the symbol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Notation
Mathematical notation consists of using glossary of mathematical symbols, symbols for representing operation (mathematics), operations, unspecified numbers, relation (mathematics), relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expression (mathematics), expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and property (philosophy), properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way. For example, the physicist Albert Einstein's formula E=mc^2 is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy equivalence. Mathematical notation was first introduced by François Viète at the end of the 16th century and largely expanded during the 17th and 18th centuries by René Descartes, Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, and overall Leonhard Euler. Symbols and typeface The use of many symbols is the basis of mathematical notation. They play a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christoff Rudolff
Christoph Rudolff (born 1499 in Jawor, Silesia, died 1545 in Vienna) was a German mathematician, the author of the first German textbook on algebra. From 1517 to 1521, Rudolff was a student of Henricus Grammateus (Schreyber from Erfurt) at the University of Vienna and was the author of a book computing, under the title: ' (Nimble and beautiful calculation via the artful rules of algebra hichare so commonly called "coss"). He introduced the radical symbol (√) for the square root. It is believed that this was because it resembled a lowercase "r" (for "radix"), though there is no direct evidence. Florian Cajori only says that a "dot is the embryo of our present symbol for the square root" though it is 'possible, perhaps probable' that Rudolff's later symbols are not dots but 'r's. Furthermore, he used the meaningful definition that ''x''0 = 1. See also * History of mathematical notation The history of mathematical notation covers the introduction, development, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code Page 437
Code page 437 ( CCSID 437) is the character set of the original IBM PC (personal computer). It is also known as CP437, OEM-US, OEM 437, PC-8, or MS-DOS Latin US. The set includes all printable ASCII characters as well as some accented letters (diacritics), Greek letters, icons, and line-drawing symbols. It is sometimes referred to as the "OEM font" or "high ASCII", or as "extended ASCII" (one of many mutually incompatible ASCII extensions). This character set remains the primary set in the core of any EGA and VGA-compatible graphics card. As such, text shown when a PC reboots, before fonts can be loaded and rendered, is typically rendered using this character set. Many file formats developed at the time of the IBM PC are based on code page 437 as well. Display adapters The original IBM PC contained this font as a 9×14 pixels-per-character font stored in the ROM of the IBM Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) and an 8×8 pixels-per-character font of the Color Graphics Adapter ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mac OS Cyrillic Encoding
Mac OS Cyrillic is a character encoding used on Apple Macintosh computers to represent texts in the Cyrillic script. The original version lacked the letter Ґ, which is used in Ukrainian, although its use was limited during the Soviet era to regions outside Ukraine. The closely related MacUkrainian resolved this, differing only by replacing two less commonly used symbols with its uppercase and lowercase forms. The euro sign update of the Mac OS scripts incorporated these changes back into MacCyrillic. Other related code pages include Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic and Mac OS Barents Cyrillic, introduced by Michael Everson in fonts for languages unsupported by standard MacCyrillic. Layout Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point and its decimal code point. Only the second half of the table (code points 128–255) is shown, the first half (code points 0–127) being the same as Mac OS Roman. :: References {{character encoding Character set ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mac OS Roman
Mac OS Roman is a character encoding created by Apple Computer, Inc. for use by Macintosh computers. It is suitable for representing text in English and several other languages that use the Latin script. Mac OS Roman encodes 256 characters, the first 128 of which are identical to ASCII, with the remaining characters including mathematical symbols, diacritics, and additional punctuation marks. Mac OS Roman is an extension of the original Macintosh character set, which encoded 217 characters. Full support for Mac OS Roman first appeared in System 6.0.4, released in 1989, and the encoding is still supported in current versions of macOS, though the standard character encoding is now UTF-8. Apple modified Mac OS Roman in 1998 with the release of Mac OS 8.5 by replacing the currency sign with the euro sign, but otherwise the encoding has been unchanged since its release. Character set The following table shows how characters are encoded in Mac OS Roman. The row and column heading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LaTeX
Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water. Latices are found in nature, but synthetic latices are common as well. In nature, latex is found as a wikt:milky, milky fluid, which is present in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms) and in some Mushroom, mushrooms (especially species of ''Lactarius''). It is a complex emulsion that coagulation, coagulates on exposure to air, consisting of proteins, alkaloids, starches, sugars, Vegetable oil, oils, tannins, resins, and Natural gum, gums. It is usually exuded after tissue injury. In most plants, latex is white, but some have yellow, orange, or scarlet latex. Since the 17th century, latex has been used as a term for the fluid substance in plants, deriving from the Latin word for "liquid". It serves mainly as Antipredator adaptation, defense against Herbivore, herbivores and Fungivore, fungivores.Taskirawati, I. and Tuno, N., 2016Fungal defense against mycophagy in milk caps ''Science Report Kanazaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until he was forced to resign in 1992, after the company had gone into precipitous decline. The company produced many different product lines over its history. It is best known for the work in the minicomputer market starting in the early 1960s. The company produced a series of machines known as the Programmed Data Processor, PDP line, with the PDP-8 and PDP-11 being among the most successful minis in history. Their success was only surpassed by another DEC product, the late-1970s VAX "supermini" systems that were designed to replace the PDP-11. Although a number of competitors had successfully competed with Digital through the 1970s, the VAX cemented the company's place as a leading vendor in the computer space. As microcomputers improved in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEC Technical Character Set
DEC Technical (TCS) is a 7-bit character set developed by Digital Equipment Corporation Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until .... Character set Characters from 31 to 37 are intended to assemble a 3x5 uppercase sigma. See also * DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS) * DEC National Replacement Character Set (NRCS) * DEC Special Graphics * Symbol (typeface) § Encoding References Further reading * {{character encoding Character sets Digital Equipment Corporation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box-drawing Character
Box-drawing characters, also known as line-drawing characters, are a form of semigraphics widely used in text user interfaces to draw various geometric frames and boxes. These characters are characterized by being designed to be connected horizontally and/or vertically with adjacent characters, which requires proper alignment. Box-drawing characters therefore typically only work well with monospaced fonts. In graphical user interfaces, these characters are much less useful as it is simpler to draw lines and rectangles directly with graphical APIs. However, they are still useful for command-line interfaces and plaintext Comment (computer programming), comments within source code. Some recent embedded systems also use proprietary character sets, usually extensions to ISO 8859 character sets, which include box-drawing characters or other special symbols. Other types of box-drawing characters are block elements, shade characters, and terminal graphic characters; these can be used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miscellaneous Technical
Miscellaneous Technical is a Unicode block ranging from U+2300 to U+23FF. It contains various common symbols which are related to and used in the various technical, programming language, and academic professions. For example: * Symbol ⌂ (HTML hexadecimal code is ⌂) represents a house or a home. * Symbol ⌘ (⌘) is a "place of interest" sign. It may be used to represent the '' Command key'' on a Mac keyboard. * Symbol ⌚ (⌚) is a watch (or clock). * Symbol ⏏ (⏏) is the "Eject" button symbol found on electronic equipment. * Symbol ⏚ (⏚) is the " Earth Ground" symbol found on electrical or electronic manual, tag and equipment. It also includes most of the uncommon symbols used by the APL programming language. Miscellaneous Technical (2300–23FF) in Unicode In Unicode, ''Miscellaneous Technical'' symbols placed in the hexadecimal range 0x2300–0x23FF, (decimal 8960–9215), as described below. (2300–233F) :1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GB 18030
GB 18030 is a Chinese government standard, described as ''Information Technology — Chinese coded character set'' and defines the required language and character support necessary for software in China. GB18030 is the registered Internet name for the official character set of the People's Republic of China (PRC) superseding GB2312. As a Unicode Transformation Format (i.e. an encoding of all Unicode code points), GB18030 supports both simplified and traditional Chinese characters. It is also compatible with legacy encodings including GB/T 2312, CP936, and GBK 1.0. The Unicode Consortium has warned implementers that the latest version of this Chinese standard, GB 18030-2022, introduces what they describe as "disruptive changes" from the previous version GB 18030-2005 "involving 33 different characters and 55 code positions". GB 18030-2022 was enforced from 1 August 2023. It has been implemented in ICU 73.2; and in Java 21, and backported to older ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenType
OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. Derived from TrueType, it retains TrueType's basic structure but adds many intricate data structures for describing typographic behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. The specification germinated at Microsoft, with Adobe Systems also contributing by the time of the public announcement in 1996. Because of wide availability and typographic flexibility, including provisions for handling the diverse behaviors of all the world's writing systems, OpenType fonts are used commonly on major computer platforms. History OpenType's origins date to Microsoft's attempt to license Apple's advanced typography technology GX Typography in the early 1990s. Those negotiations failed, motivating Microsoft to forge ahead with its own technology, dubbed "TrueType Open" in 1994. Adobe joined Microsoft in those efforts in 1996, adding support for the glyph outline technology used in its Type 1 fonts. The joint effort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
