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Quota Management System
The Quota Management System (QMS) is a type of individual fishing quota that is used in New Zealand to manage fish stocks. New Zealand fishing industry Seafood is one of New Zealand's largest export markets, with 85% of catches being exported. Over 90% of the total revenue raised by the country's fishing industry comes from exported stocks, raising NZ$3 billion annually. The most valuable species is the hoki, ''Macruronus novaezelandiae''. For the purposes of QMS, New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is divided into ten quota management regions. A separate quota is defined for each species in each region, depending on the species' distributions, ranging from a single fishing quota market for the hoki to eleven for the abalone ''Haliotis iris''. History New Zealand is "the world leader in implementing IFQs". QMS was introduced by the Fisheries Amendment Act 1986, initially covering 26 marine species. The following year, it covered 30 species, and by 2005, it covered 93 sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individual Fishing Quota
Individual fishing quotas (IFQs), also known as "individual transferable quotas" (ITQs), are one kind of ''catch share'', a means by which many governments regulate fishing. The regulator sets a species-specific total allowable catch (TAC), typically by weight and for a given time period. A dedicated portion of the TAC, called quota shares, is then allocated to individuals. Quotas can typically be bought, sold and leased, a feature called transferability. As of 2008, 148 major fisheries (generally, a single species in a single fishing ground) around the world had adopted some variant of this approach, along with approximately 100 smaller fisheries in individual countries. Approximately 10% of the marine harvest was managed by ITQs as of 2008. The first countries to adopt individual fishing quotas were the Netherlands, Iceland and Canada in the late 1970s, and the most recent is the United States Scallop General Category IFQ Program in 2010. The first country to adopt individual transf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barracouta
''Thyrsites atun'' (Bengt Anders Euphrasén, Euphrasén, 1791), the snoek, is a long, thin species of Gempylidae, snake mackerel found in the seas of the Southern Hemisphere, and a popular food fish in South Africa, particularly along the west and southwest coast. This fish can reach a length of fish measurement, SL though most do not exceed SL. The maximum recorded weight for this species is . It is very important to commercial fisheries and is also a popular game fish. It is currently the only known member of its genus. It is also known in Australasia as barracouta though it is not closely related to the barracuda. It is found near continental shelves or around islands and feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods and small fish like anchovy and pilchard. This species will form schools near the bottom or midwater; sometimes even near the surface at night. It prefers sea water temperature between . It is found off the coast of Namibia and the coast of the Western Cape Province, West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silky Dosinia
''Dosinia lambata'', or the silky dosinia, is a bivalve mollusc of the family Veneridae, endemic to New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count .... It lives in depths of up to 60 metres (about 200 feet) and can grow to be 28 millimetres wide. References Dosinia Bivalves of New Zealand Bivalves described in 1850 Taxa named by Augustus Addison Gould {{Veneridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ringed Dosinia
''Dosinia anus'', commonly named the ringed dosinia, coarse dosinia, coarse biscuit shell and tuangi-haruru, in the Māori language, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the venus clams. The species is common to both of the main islands of New Zealand, where it is the largest and heaviest species in the genus, occasionally exceeding 80 mm in diameter. It buries itself in clean fine sandy substrata, sub-tidally down to 15 m deep. An investigation into a potential surf clam fishery found this species to be the most abundant 'surf clam' (an informal grouping based on habitat) in the North Island, being replaced by members of the Mactridae Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida. Description These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded- ... in more southerly latitudes.Cook, Steve De C., “ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiny Red Rock Lobster
''Jasus edwardsii'', the southern rock lobster, red rock lobster, or spiny rock lobster, is a species of spiny lobster found throughout coastal waters of southern Australia and New Zealand including the Chatham Islands. It is commonly called ''crayfish'' in Australia and New Zealand and ' in Māori. They resemble lobsters, but lack the large characteristic pincers on the first pair of walking legs. Spiny rock lobsters are carnivorous, leaving their rock cover to venture out to feed during the night. They live in and around reefs at depths ranging from deep at the continental shelf. They can be dark red and orange above with paler yellowish abdomens or grey-green brown with the paler underside. The more tropical animals tend to have the brighter colours. Adult carapaces can grow up to in length and can often exceed in underfished areas. Distribution ''Jasus edwardsii'' is found around most of the coast of New Zealand, including the three main islands, the Three Kings Islands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrovenus Stutchburyi
''Austrovenus stutchburyi'', common name the New Zealand cockle or New Zealand little neck clam, is an edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams. Its Māori name is (North Island) or (South Island). Habitat Cockles live in harbours and estuaries in New Zealand. They live in the subtidal to intertidal zone, and when they are in the intertidal zone they live between the low tide mark and the mid tide mark. Cockles are unable to survive above the mid tide mark because of the increased exposure time. Cockles prefer to live in soft mud and fine sand, however they can be suffocated by extremely fine sand. For this reason, they mainly live in areas with a large grain size. The cockles bury 2 to 3 cm under the sand. Body Cockles have a soft body which is protected from predation, desiccation and wave movement by a sturdy shell. Predators find it difficult to pierce the shell of adult cockles. Sea birds drop cockles from high up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaceon Bicolor
''Chaceon bicolor'' is a species of crab.Manning, Raymond B., and L. B. Holthuis. "Two new genera and nine new species of geryonid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Geryonidae)." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 102.1 (1989): 50-77. ''Chaceon bicolor'' differs from all species of the genus in color pattern, with the anterior part of the body purplish rather than reddish. In addition to color pattern, ''C. bicolor'' also differs from '' C. granulatus'' in having compressed rather than depressed dactyli on the walking legs; also, the hepatic region of the carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tor ... in ''C. granulatus'' is coarsely granular, whereas it is smooth in ''C. bicolor''. Juvenile specimens differ from adults in many features: the teeth of the ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epigonus Telescopus
''Epigonus telescopus'', the black cardinal fish, is a species of deepwater cardinalfish found in most temperate oceans worldwide, at depths of between though mostly between . It can reach a length of TL though most specimens do not exceed TL. It has been reported that this species can reach an age of 104 years. Description The black cardinal fish is a shallow-bodied fish with large eyes and a blunt snout and slightly projecting lower jaw. The dorsal fin is in two parts and has seven or eight spines and nine to eleven soft rays. The anal fin has two spines and nine soft rays. The general colour of this fish is purplish-brown or black and living specimens are iridescent. Distribution and habitat The black cardinal fish is a deepwater bentho-pelagic fish that is found on continental slopes, undersea ridges and seamounts in the northern Atlantic, ranging from Iceland to the Canary Islands and the Corner Rise Seamounts. It is also found in the southeastern Atlantic, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonsino
The alfonsino (''Beryx decadactylus''), also known as the alfonsin, longfinned beryx, red bream, or imperador, is a species of deepwater berycid fish of the order Beryciformes. It can be found in temperate and subtropical ocean waters nearly worldwide, though it is uncommon. It is typically associated with deep-sea corals, and schools are known to form over seamounts. Adults are demersal and search for prey along the ocean floor, primarily fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Like other members of its family, it is remarkably long-lived, with individuals reaching ages of up to 69 years, and possibly longer. It can reach sizes of up to in length and in weight and is targeted by commercial fisheries. Its low reproductive rate and the time it takes for juveniles to mature make it vulnerable to expanding deep-sea fisheries, but it is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its extensive range. Taxonomy and phylogeny The first sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bassina Yatei
''Bassina yatei'' is a bivalve mollusc of the family Veneridae The Veneridae or venerids, common name: Venus clams, are a very large family of minute to large, saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. Over 500 living species of venerid bivalves are known, most of which are edible, and many of which are ex .... References * Powell A W B, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979 Veneridae Bivalves of New Zealand Bivalves described in 1835 Taxa named by John Edward Gray {{Veneridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Shark
The blue shark (''Prionace glauca''), also known as the great blue shark, is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, which inhabits deep waters in the world's temperate and tropical oceans. Averaging around and preferring cooler waters, the blue shark migrates long distances, such as from New England to South America. It is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Although generally lethargic, they can move very quickly. Blue sharks are viviparous and are noted for large litters of 25 to over 100 pups. They feed primarily on small fish and squid, although they can take larger prey. Maximum lifespan is still unknown, but it is believed that they can live up to 20 years. Anatomy and appearance Blue sharks are light-bodied with long pectoral fins. Like many other sharks, blue sharks are countershaded: the top of the body is deep blue, lighter on the sides, and the underside is white. The male blue shark commonly grows to at maturity, whereas the larger females ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odax Pullus
''Odax pullus'', the greenbone or butterfish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a weed whiting from the family Odacidae, which is found around New Zealand. It inhabits shallow, rocky areas with brown algae growth, mainly ''Carpophyllum'', upon which it grazes. This species can reach a length of SL and has been recorded as reaching . It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries. Its range includes the Chatham Islands, Antipodes Islands and Bounty Islands but it is not present around the Three Kings Islands, where it is replaced by the endemic bluefinned butterfish The bluefinned butterfish (''Odax cyanoallix'') a species of marine ray-finned fish, a weed whiting from the family Odacidae, which is found only around Three Kings Islands about 80 km north of New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotear ... ''O. cyanoallix''. References Odax Fish described in 1801 Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster {{Ray-finned fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
