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Pyrenidium Actinellum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with '' Pyrenidium actinellum'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in Dacampiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a lineage distinct from the genera in that family. Description Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the host thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate asci th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perithecium
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenidium Cryptotheciae
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium actinellum'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in Dacampiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a lineage distinct from the genera in that family. Description Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the host thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate asci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenidium Coccineum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium actinellum'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in Dacampiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a lineage distinct from the genera in that family. Description Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the host thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate asci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenidium Borbonicum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium actinellum'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in Dacampiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a lineage distinct from the genera in that family. Description Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the host thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate asci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenidium Aggregatum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium actinellum'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in Dacampiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a lineage distinct from the genera in that family. Description Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the host thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate asci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalogue Of Life
The Catalogue of Life is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by research scientists, citizen scientists, educators, and policy makers. The Catalogue is also used by the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Barcode of Life Data System, Encyclopedia of Life, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The Catalogue currently compiles data fro165 peer-reviewed taxonomic databasesthat are maintained by specialist institutions around the world. , the COL Checklist lists 2,067,951 of the world's 2.2m extant species known to taxonomists on the planet at present time. Structure The Catalogue of Life employs a simple data structure to provide information on synonymy, grouping within a taxonomic hierarchy, common names, distribution and ecological environment. It pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are ''MycoBank'' and ''Fungal Names''. Current names in ''Index Fungorum'' (''Specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology. In human pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing. Causes of plant galls Insects and mites Insect galls are the highly distinctive plant structures formed by some herbivorous insects as their own microhabitats. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls act as both the habitat a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thallodal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts (leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
