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Pseudomonas SRNA P9
''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P9 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P9 appears to be conserved in several ''Pseudomonas'' species in addition to ''Bordetella'' species. In both ''Pseudomonas'' and ''Bordetella'' species P9 appears to be located upstream of a predicted threonine dehydratase gene. P9 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide pentose-sugar-ri ... end but the function of P9 is unknown. See also * Pseudomonas sRNA P1 *Pseudomonas sRNA P11 *Pseudomonas sRNA P15 *Pseudomonas sRNA P16 *Pseudomonas sRNA P24 *Pseudomonas sRNA P26 References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Structure
Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional conformational isomerism, form of ''local segments'' of proteins. The two most common Protein structure#Secondary structure, secondary structural elements are alpha helix, alpha helices and beta sheets, though beta turns and omega loops occur as well. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as an intermediate before the protein protein folding, folds into its three dimensional protein tertiary structure, tertiary structure. Secondary structure is formally defined by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the Amine, amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone chain, backbone. Secondary structure may alternatively be defined based on the regular pattern of backbone Dihedral angle#Dihedral angles of proteins, dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds. The concept of secondary structure was first introduced by Kaj Ulrik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as ''E. coli''. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG). Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices). Modifications The threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications. The hydroxyl side-chain can unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas SRNA P24
''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P24 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P24 is conserved across several ''Pseudomonas'' species and is consistently located between a hypothetical protein gene and a transcriptional regulator gene (AsnC family) in the genomes of these ''Pseudomonas'' species. P24 has a predicted Rho independent terminatorat the 3′ end but the function of P24 is unknown. See also * Pseudomonas sRNA P9 *Pseudomonas sRNA P11 *Pseudomonas sRNA P15 Pseudomonas sRNA P15 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P15 is conserved across several ''Pseudomo ... * Pseudomonas sRNA P16 * Pseudomonas sRNA P26 References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas SRNA P16
''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P16 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P16 sRNA appears to be conserved across several ''Pseudomonas'' species and is consistently located downstream of a predicted TatD deoxyribonuclease gene. P16 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ end but the function of P16 is unknown. It has been shown that this sRNA is transcribed from an RpoS-dependent promoter under positive, probably indirect GacA control in two ''Pseudomonas'' species. It was renamed RgsA (for regulation by GacA and stress). RpoS mRNA expression is repressed by RgsA during the exponential phase. The Hfq RNA chaperone is required for the repression. See also * Pseudomonas sRNA P1 * Pseudomonas sRNA P9 *Pseudomonas sRNA P11 *Pseudomonas sRNA P15 *Pseudomonas sRNA P24 ''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P24 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas SRNA P15
Pseudomonas sRNA P15 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P15 is conserved across several ''Pseudomonas'' species and is consistently located upstream of a 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase gene. P15 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ end but the function of P15 is unknown. See also * Pseudomonas sRNA P1 * Pseudomonas sRNA P9 *Pseudomonas sRNA P11 ''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P11 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P11 is located between a putative thre ... * Pseudomonas sRNA P16 * Pseudomonas sRNA P24 * Pseudomonas sRNA P26 References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas SRNA P11
''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P11 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P11 is located between a putative threonine protein kinase and putative nitrate reductase and is conserved in several ''Pseudomonas'' species. P11 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide pentose-sugar-r ... end but the function of P11 is unknown. See also * Pseudomonas sRNA P1 * Pseudomonas sRNA P9 * Pseudomonas sRNA P15 * Pseudomonas sRNA P16 * Pseudomonas sRNA P24 * Pseudomonas sRNA P26 References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas SRNA P1
''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P1 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. There appears to be two related copies of P1 sRNA in the ''P. aeruginosa'' PA01 genome and both copies appear to be located upstream of predicted glutamine synthetase genes. This sRNA appears to be conserved amongst several ''Pseudomonas'' species. P1 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ end but the function of P1 is unknown. See also *Pseudomonas sRNA P9 *Pseudomonas sRNA P11 *Pseudomonas sRNA P15 *Pseudomonas sRNA P16 *Pseudomonas sRNA P24 ''Pseudomonas'' sRNA P24 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P24 is conserved across several ''Pseu ... * Pseudomonas sRNA P26 References External links * Non-coding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3′
Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring means that there will be a 5′ end (usually pronounced "five-prime end"), which frequently contains a phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of the ribose ring, and a 3′ end (usually pronounced "three-prime end"), which typically is unmodified from the ribose -OH substituent. In a DNA double helix, the strands run in opposite directions to permit base pairing between them, which is essential for replication or transcription of the encoded information. Nucleic acids can only be synthesized in vivo in the 5′-to-3′ direction, as the polymerases that assemble various types of new strands generally rely on the energy produced by breaking nucleoside triphosphate bonds to attach new nucleoside monophosphates to the 3′- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rho-independent Transcription Termination
Intrinsic, or rho-independent termination, is a process in prokaryotes to signal the end of transcription and release the newly constructed RNA molecule. In prokaryotes such as E. coli, transcription is terminated either by a rho-dependent process or rho-independent process. In the Rho-dependent process, the rho-protein locates and binds the signal sequence in the mRNA and signals for cleavage. Contrarily, intrinsic termination does not require a special protein to signal for termination and is controlled by the specific sequences of RNA. When the termination process begins, the transcribed mRNA forms a stable secondary structure hairpin loop, also known as a Stem-loop. This RNA hairpin is followed by multiple uracil nucleotides. The bonds between uracil and adenine are very weak. A protein bound to RNA polymerase (nusA) binds to the stem-loop structure tightly enough to cause the polymerase to temporarily stall. This pausing of the polymerase coincides with transcription of the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella
''Bordetella'' () is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 µm), gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Pseudomonadota. ''Bordetella'' species, with the exception of '' B. petrii'', are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture. All species can infect humans. The first three species to be described ('' B. pertussis'', '' B. parapertussis'', '' B. bronchiseptica''); are sometimes referred to as the 'classical species'. Two of these (''B. bronchiseptica'' and ''B. pertussis'') are also motile. ''B. pertussis'' and occasionally ''B. parapertussis'' cause pertussis or whooping cough in humans, and some ''B. parapertussis'' strains can colonise sheep. ''B. bronchiseptica'' rarely infects healthy humans, though disease in immunocompromised patients has been reported. ''B. bronchiseptica'' causes several diseases in other mammals, including kennel cough and atrophic rhinitis in dogs and pigs, respectively. Other members of the genus cause similar diseases in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequence Conservation
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar sequences in nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA) or proteins across species ( orthologous sequences), or within a genome ( paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa ( xenologous sequences). Conservation indicates that a sequence has been maintained by natural selection. A highly conserved sequence is one that has remained relatively unchanged far back up the phylogenetic tree, and hence far back in geological time. Examples of highly conserved sequences include the RNA components of ribosomes present in all domains of life, the homeobox sequences widespread amongst Eukaryotes, and the tmRNA in Bacteria. The study of sequence conservation overlaps with the fields of genomics, proteomics, evolutionary biology, phylogenetics, bioinformatics and mathematics. History The discovery of the role of DNA in heredity, and observations by Frederick Sanger of variation between animal insulins in 1949, promp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Blot
The northern blot, or RNA blot,Gilbert, S. F. (2000) Developmental Biology, 6th Ed. Sunderland MA, Sinauer Associates. is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample.Kevil, C. G., Walsh, L., Laroux, F. S., Kalogeris, T., Grisham, M. B., Alexander, J. S. (1997) An Improved, Rapid Northern Protocol. Biochem. and Biophys. Research Comm. 238:277–279. With northern blotting it is possible to observe cellular control over structure and function by determining the particular gene expression rates during differentiation and morphogenesis, as well as in abnormal or diseased conditions. Northern blotting involves the use of electrophoresis to separate RNA samples by size, and detection with a hybridization probe complementary to part of or the entire target sequence. Strictly speaking, the term 'northern blot' refers specifically to the capillary transfer of RNA from the electrophoresis gel to the blotting m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
