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Protostropharia
''Protostropharia'', is a coprophilous fungi, coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown basidiocarp, fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as ''Stropharia'' subg. ''Stercophila''). It is differentiated from ''Stropharia'' by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by Acanthocyte (mycology), acanthocytes that ''Stropharia'' produces. Phylogenetically, ''Protostropharia'' is distinct from ''Stropharia'', ''Pholiota'', and ''Leratiomyces''. Two species, ''Protostropharia luteonitens, P. luteonitens'' and ''Protostropharia tuberosa, P. tuberosa'', form pseudosclerotium, pseudosclerotia in the manure, dung substrates. Etymology The name ''Protostropharia'' refers to the less anatomically complex astrocystidia (Greek language, Greek ) as compared to the acanthocytes in ''Stropharia''. References {{Taxonbar, from= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Arctica
''Protostropharia'', is a coprophilous fungi, coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown basidiocarp, fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as ''Stropharia'' subg. ''Stercophila''). It is differentiated from ''Stropharia'' by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by Acanthocyte (mycology), acanthocytes that ''Stropharia'' produces. Phylogenetically, ''Protostropharia'' is distinct from ''Stropharia'', ''Pholiota'', and ''Leratiomyces''. Two species, ''Protostropharia luteonitens, P. luteonitens'' and ''Protostropharia tuberosa, P. tuberosa'', form pseudosclerotium, pseudosclerotia in the manure, dung substrates. Etymology The name ''Protostropharia'' refers to the less anatomically complex astrocystidia (Greek language, Greek ) as compared to the acanthocytes in ''Stropharia''. References {{Taxonbar, from= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Tuberosa
''Protostropharia'', is a coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as '' Stropharia'' subg. '' Stercophila''). It is differentiated from '' Stropharia'' by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by acanthocytes that ''Stropharia'' produces. Phylogenetically, ''Protostropharia'' is distinct from ''Stropharia'', '' Pholiota'', and '' Leratiomyces''. Two species, '' P. luteonitens'' and '' P. tuberosa'', form pseudosclerotia in the dung substrates. Etymology The name ''Protostropharia'' refers to the less anatomically complex astrocystidia (Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Luteonitens
''Protostropharia'', is a coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as '' Stropharia'' subg. '' Stercophila''). It is differentiated from '' Stropharia'' by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by acanthocytes that ''Stropharia'' produces. Phylogenetically, ''Protostropharia'' is distinct from ''Stropharia'', '' Pholiota'', and '' Leratiomyces''. Two species, '' P. luteonitens'' and '' P. tuberosa'', form pseudosclerotia in the dung substrates. Etymology The name ''Protostropharia'' refers to the less anatomically complex astrocystidia (Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Islandica
''Protostropharia'', is a coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as '' Stropharia'' subg. '' Stercophila''). It is differentiated from '' Stropharia'' by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by acanthocytes that ''Stropharia'' produces. Phylogenetically, ''Protostropharia'' is distinct from ''Stropharia'', '' Pholiota'', and '' Leratiomyces''. Two species, '' P. luteonitens'' and '' P. tuberosa'', form pseudosclerotia in the dung substrates. Etymology The name ''Protostropharia'' refers to the less anatomically complex astrocystidia (Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Dorsipora
''Protostropharia'', is a coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as '' Stropharia'' subg. '' Stercophila''). It is differentiated from '' Stropharia'' by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by acanthocytes that ''Stropharia'' produces. Phylogenetically, ''Protostropharia'' is distinct from ''Stropharia'', '' Pholiota'', and '' Leratiomyces''. Two species, '' P. luteonitens'' and '' P. tuberosa'', form pseudosclerotia in the dung substrates. Etymology The name ''Protostropharia'' refers to the less anatomically complex astrocystidia (Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Semiglobata
''Protostropharia semiglobata'', commonly known as the dung roundhead, the halfglobe mushroom, or the hemispheric stropharia, is an agaric fungus of the family Strophariaceae. A common and widespread species with a cosmopolitan distribution, the fungus produces mushrooms on the dung of various wild and domesticated herbivores. The mushrooms have hemispherical straw yellow to buff-tan caps measuring , greyish gills that become dark brown in age, and a slender, smooth stem long with a fragile ring. Taxonomy The species was first described as ''Agaricus semiglobatus'' by August Batsch in 1786. It has had a complicated taxonomic history, having been shuffled to many different genera. In addition to ''Agaricus'' the species has been placed in '' Coprinus'', '' Geophila'', ''Psalliota'', and ''Psilocybe''. French mycologist Lucien Quélet gave it its most commonly used name in 1872 when he transferred it to '' Stropharia''. In 2013, Scott Redhead made it the type species of ''Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protostropharia Alcis
''Protostropharia alcis'' is a species of coprophilous agaric fungus in the family Strophariaceae. It was originally described by Finnish mycologist Ilkka Kytövuori in 1999, as one of six species in the "''Stropharia semiglobata''" group in northwestern Europe. The fungus produces fruit bodies on moose nown in Europe as European elkdung. In 2013, the fungus named after ''Alces alces'' was transferred by Redhead et al. to ''Protostropharia'', a genus circumscribed to contain '' Stropharia'' species characterized by the formation of astrocystidia rather than acanthocytes on their mycelium. In addition to Europe, the species has also been recorded in Brazil. The variety ''austrobrasiliensis'' was described from Rio Grande do Sul in 2008, where it grows on cow dung, or dung-enriched soil. Põdravärvik.JPG, ''P. alcis'' in Albu Parish, Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stropharia
The genus ''Stropharia'' (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible ''Stropharia rugosoannulata'' and the blue-green verdigris agarics (''Stropharia aeruginosa'' and allies). ''Stropharia'' are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species ''Stropharia rugosoannulata'' is regarded as prized and delicious when young, and is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates. Taxonomy The scientific name is derived from the Greek 'στροφος/strophos' meaning "belt", in reference to the annulus present on the stipe. Spore print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown with white edge at maturity, except for a few species that have rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group as presently delim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coprophilous Fungi
Coprophilous fungi (''dung-loving'' fungi) are a type of saprobic fungi that grow on animal dung. The hardy spores of coprophilous species are unwittingly consumed by herbivores from vegetation, and are excreted along with the plant matter. The fungi then flourish in the feces, before releasing their spores to the surrounding area. Life cycle Coprophilous fungi release their spores to the surrounding vegetation, which is then eaten by herbivores. The spores then remain in the animal as the plants are digested, pass through the animal's intestines and are finally defecated. The fruiting bodies of the fungi then grow from the animal feces.Pegler, p. 162 It is essential that the spores of the species then reach new plant material; spores remaining in the feces will produce nothing. As such, some species have developed means of discharging spores a large distance. An example of this is the genus ''Pilobolus''. Fruiting bodies of ''Pilobolus'' will suddenly rupture, sending the conten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith. Genera * The genus '' Stropharia'' mainly consists of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous annulus. Spore-print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown, except for a few species with rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group, as presently delimited, is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of ''Stropharia'' are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hyphae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus ''Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about five trillion basidiospores. Most basidiospores are forcibly discharged, and are thus considered ballistospores. These spores serve as the main air dispersal units for the fungi. The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
